Biology

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What are living organisms made of?
All living organisms are made of cells
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What do animal cells and plant cells have in common
Nucleus, Vacuole and Cell surface membrane
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Which parts of the plant cell are partially permeable?
Vacuole and Cell Surface Membrane
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Relate the structure of the cilliated cell to its function
this cell as hairs on the top of it, and so because of this they can move and push mucus form one place to another, sometimes this mucus contains dust.
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Relate the structure of the root hair cell to its function
they absorb water and minerals from the soil. As they have a large extension they increase the surface area which is easier to absorb minerals and water from the soil.
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Relate the structure of the muscle cell to its function
contract so that structure become close together. Have long muscles and so contain protein fibers. These fibres can shorten the cell if energy is available.
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Relate the structure of the red blood cell to its function
transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue, have no nucleus so they have more surface area for haemoglobin.
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Relate the structure of the xylem vessels to its function
transport water and support the plant. They have no cytoplasm so water can move freely and this cell has no end walls so other cells can create new tubes.
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Define Tissue
a group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function
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Define Organ
structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions
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Define Organ System
a group of organs, working together to perform body functions
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What´s the formula for magnification
Mag=Drawing/(Actual Size (REAL))
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Define Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.
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Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes and of water as a solvent
Water acts as a solvent of solutes enabling them to move from one place to another.
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Active transport definition
Active transport is a method by which particle can cross membranes even against a concentration gradient, but needs carriers and the cell energy.
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Discuss the importance of active transport as an energy-consuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient, e.g. ion uptake by root hairs and uptake of glucose by epithelial cells of villi
Active transport happens against a concentration gradient so it is necessary to have energy to make this happen.
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Osmosis definition
Osmosis is the movement of water molecule from a high water potential to a low water potential gradient, through a partially permeable membrane.
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Describe an explain the importance of a water potential gradient in the uptake of water by plants
Water potential is higher in the soil so it is forced to cross the membrane of the root hair cells.
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Water effect on plant and animal tissues
As plant cells have cellulose cell wall they won’t burst with a high concentration of water, on the other hand animal cells don´t have a cellulose cell wall and so they will eventually burst.
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Catalyst definition
Catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without changing the reaction.
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Enzymes definition
Enzymes are catalysts which speed up the rate of a reaction.
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Explain the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity
An enzyme can be denatured if the pH is to low because it becomes very acidic and also if the temperature is to high. An enzyme will become inactive with very low temperatures.
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Explain enzyme action in terms of the “lock and key” model
The substrate moves to the active site of the enzyme, where it fits the enzymes. After some time the substrate will leave as product, and make the enzyme free, so it can be used again with another substrate.
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Describe the role of enzymes in the germination of seed
Germination of seeds- Seeds grow into plants by germinating. Seed germination involves enzymes breaking the materials stored in the seed down to be used in growth, energy and building cells. The seed contains stored substances such as: • Starch: Star
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Describe the role of enzymes in biological washing products-
Biological washing powder- Biological washing powders contain enzymes that break down the insoluble stain into smaller soluble substances, which are then dissolved in the water. Biological washing powders contain protease and lipase, which can break
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Describe the role of enzymes in food production
Food production- Sugars called fructose is very useful because it provides a sweater taste than other sugars from a less quantity. Fructose can be obtained by using the isomerase enzyme to convert glucose to fructose. Protease from bacteria is used t
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Define nutrition
Nutrition supplies an organism with the food it needs for: growth; repir; reproduction and respiration
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List the chemical elements that make up Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are made up from Hydrogen,Carbon and Oxygen.
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List the chemical elements that make up Proteins.
Proteins are made up from Nitrogen and some may contain Sulphur.
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List the chemical elements that make up Fats.
Fats are made up from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen, just like Carbohydrates.
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Large molecule structures are made from smaller basic units.
Simple sugars make up Starch and Glycogen. Amino acids make up Protein. Fatty acids and glycerol make up fats and oils.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do animal cells and plant cells have in common

Back

Nucleus, Vacuole and Cell surface membrane

Card 3

Front

Which parts of the plant cell are partially permeable?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Relate the structure of the cilliated cell to its function

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Relate the structure of the root hair cell to its function

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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