Enegy storage, making biological membranes, insualtion, protection, boyancy and acting as hormones.
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What molecules is a lipid made up of?
Made up of a glycerol and a fatty acid group attracted to it.
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What molecules does a fatty acid consist of?
consists of acid (caboxyl) group at one and of molecule and hydrogen chain.
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When is a fatty acid saturated?
A fatty acid is saturated if every bond is filled (e.g. with hydrogen) and there is no c=c bond.
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Why is a unsaturated fatty acid more fluid than a saturated one?
Due to unsaturated fatty acids having a different shape than saturated molecules; molecules puch apart making it less fluid.
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Why is animal fat more solid at room temperature compared to plant lipids?
Due to animals containing more saturated fats- whereras plants contain more unsaturated- making them more sold at room temp.
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What molecules does a triangycerides consist of?
One glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules.
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What bonds are formed between trianglyceides?
Ester bonds.
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What reactions are ester bonds formed in?
Condensation reactions.
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Why do triangycerides not form hydrogen bonds with water?
As the molecules is hydrophobic and thus insoluable in water. Charges evenly distributed around molecule so no hydrogen bonds formed.
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What molecules does a phospholipid consist of?
Consists of a glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate.
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Why is a oxygen molecule slightly negative in hydrogen bonding?
Due to it havig closer electronns from it being more electronegative.
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What type of molecule is water?
a polar molecue.
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Why does water have high stability?
Due to high amounts of energy being needed to raise temp of water- e.g. high specific heat capacity.
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Why is ice less dense than water?
less kinetic energy means molecules less able to break hydrogen bonds. Structure holds water apart in open lattice resulting in ice being less dense than water.
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What is cohesion?
tendentcy of molecules in a substabnce to stick together.
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why does water have high cohesion?
Moleculles bonded together due to hydrogen bonding. Water also has high surface tension. Important for transporting substances.
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why is water a good solvent?
Water molecules cluster around ions and seperate them, dissolving the substance. Means ideal as transport vehicle.
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What is duivision of labour?
When all organelles are working together to perform a specific funtion.
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What does the cytoskeleton consist of?
network of protein fibres. Microtubles and microfilaments,
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Why is a cytopsketeton needed in a cell?
Needed as gives the cless stability and allows it to move.
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What do microtubles use to drive movement?
ATP
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Why do all cells need specialised excange serfaces?
As they need to do things like tabke in oxygen and glucose and remove waste products like carbon dioxide and urea.
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What does the ease of exchange depend on?
The surface area to volume ratio
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What molecules is a lipid made up of?
Back
Made up of a glycerol and a fatty acid group attracted to it.
Card 3
Front
What molecules does a fatty acid consist of?
Back
Card 4
Front
When is a fatty acid saturated?
Back
Card 5
Front
Why is a unsaturated fatty acid more fluid than a saturated one?
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