Explain the structure of a monosaccharide (e.g. glucose)
Contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1:2:1 ratio). Has a ring of atoms (4 C & 1 O). Every carbon atom has a H and OH group each, except for the 5th C atom which has a CH2OH and H group.
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What is the formula for ribose and glucose?
Ribose: C5 H10 O5 Glucose: C6 H12 O6
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Give 4 examples of monosaccharides & state how many carbons they have
Describe the structure and function of cellulose (aka fibre)
Unbranched polymer of beta glucose. Alternating orientation = straight. Can form cross-links between rows to form structures called cellulose microfibrils. High tensile strength. Used in plant cell walls.
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Describe the structure of starch
Alpha glucose. Subunits are in the same orientation, giving helical/ spiral shape. 2 forms: amylose (only unbranched 1,4 linkages) and amylopectin (some 1,6 linkages and therefore branched).
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Describe the function of starch
Used by plants to store glucose in an insoluble form (does not cause osmotic problems in cells). Branched amylopectin (or glycogen) polymers make loading/ unloading glucose more rapid as there are more points to attach it.
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Describe the structure and function of glycogen
Similar to amylopectin. Branched alpha glucose polymer. More 1,6 linkages than amylopectin (more branched). Used by mammals to store glucose in the liver and muscle cells. Insoluble = large amounts can be stored.
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In what foods can starch be found?
Potatoes, wheat, rice (=> energy foods)
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What type of bond is formed in carbohydrates?
Glycosidic, releasing H2O
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Explain the structure of a monosaccharide (e.g. glucose)
Back
Contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1:2:1 ratio). Has a ring of atoms (4 C & 1 O). Every carbon atom has a H and OH group each, except for the 5th C atom which has a CH2OH and H group.
Card 3
Front
What is the formula for ribose and glucose?
Back
Card 4
Front
Give 4 examples of monosaccharides & state how many carbons they have
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the difference between alpha and beta monomers?
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