Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons
5.0 / 5 based on 4 ratings
- Created by: Mary
- Created on: 26-05-13 15:21
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only.
1 of 36
Saturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only.
2 of 36
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds.
3 of 36
Aliphatic hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
4 of 36
Alicyclic hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
5 of 36
Functional group
The part of the organic molecules responsible for its chemical reactions.
6 of 36
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group.
7 of 36
Nomenclature
A system of naming compounds.
8 of 36
Alkyl group
An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed. An alkyl group is often shown as 'R'.
9 of 36
E/Z Isomerism
A type of stereoisomerisms in which different groups attached to each carbon of a c=c double bond may be arranged differently in space becasue of the restricted rotation of the c=c bond.
10 of 36
Stereoisomers
Are compounds with the same structural formula, but with a different arrangement of the atom in space.
11 of 36
cis-trans isomerism
A special type of E/Z ismomerism in which there is a non-hydrogen group and hydrogen on each c of c=c double bond.
12 of 36
Homolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond, with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals.
13 of 36
Heterolytic fission
The Breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms, forming a cation and an anion.
14 of 36
Nucleophile
An atom that is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
15 of 36
Electrophile
An atom that is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
16 of 36
Addition reaction
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
17 of 36
Substitution reaction
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with the different atom or group of atoms.
18 of 36
Elimination Reaction
Refers to the removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
19 of 36
Fractional distilation
The separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using fractionating column.
20 of 36
Cracking
The breaking down of long-chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter- chained alkanes and alkenes.
21 of 36
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of reaction but does not take part in it.
22 of 36
Radical substitution
A type of substitution reaction in which a radical replaces a different atom or group of atoms.
23 of 36
Mechanism
A sequence of steps showing that path taken by electrons in a reaction.
24 of 36
Initiation
The first step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are generated by ultraviolet radiation.
25 of 36
Propagation
The two repeating steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction.
26 of 36
Termination
The step at the end of a radical substitution when two radicals combine to form a molecule.
27 of 36
Pi-bond
The reative part of a double bond formed above and below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
28 of 36
Electrophillic addition
A type of addition reaction in which an electrophile is attached to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
29 of 36
Carbocation
An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge.
30 of 36
Curly arrow
A symbol used in reaction mechanism to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond.
31 of 36
Polymer
A long chain built up of monomer units.
32 of 36
Monomers
A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer.
33 of 36
Addition polymerisation
The process in which unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time, to form a very long saturated molecular chain.
34 of 36
Repeating unit
A specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeating units are included in brackets, outside of which is the symbol n.
35 of 36
Biodegradable materials
A material that is brocken down naturally in the environment by living organisms.
36 of 36
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only.
Back
Saturated hydrocarbon
Card 3
Front
A hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds.
Back
Card 4
Front
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.
Back
Card 5
Front
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- Could someone explain how to do these questions? »
- AS level chemistry help- exam soon »
- A level chemistry help please »
- chem a level help »
- Which of the functional groups consist only of carbon and hydrogen? »
- Chem »
- AS chemistry »
- Functional Groups Revision »
- Alevel Chemistry HELP »
- chemistry moles question »
Similar Chemistry resources:
2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.5 / 5 based on 11 ratings
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made