Basic concepts of organic chemistry
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- Created on: 28-04-20 17:14
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- Basic concepts of organic chemistry
- Organic chemistry
- Hydrocarbon:contains hydrogen and carbon only
- Why carbon can form large compounds: It can bond with other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. It can bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains. Cab form single, double and triple bonds with other carbon atoms.
- Saturated: contains only single bonds between carbon atoms
- Unsaturated:contains one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms
- Homologous series: a series of compounds with similar chemical properties with each successive series differing by -CH2
- Functional groups: the part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
- Nomenclature of organic comppunds
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon: a compound containg hydrogen and carbon in straight or branched chains or non-aromatic rings
- Alkynes: a carbon compound with at east one carbon-carbon triple bond
- Representing the formulae or organic compounds
- Formulas: Cyclic/aromatic CnH2n, Alkanes CnH2n + 2, Alkenes CnH2n, Alcohols ChH2n+1OH, Carboxcylic acids CnH2n+O2, Ketones CnH2nO
- Molecular formula: The number and kind of atoms of that particular element in a compound but not there arrangement
- Empirical formula: the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
- General formula: the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
- Displayed formula: Shows the relative positioning of atoms in a molecule and shows bonds in between
- General formula: the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
- Empirical formula: the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
- Skeletal formula: a simplified organic molecule that shows the carbon skeleton and functional group and no hydrogen atoms associated with alkyl groups
- Introduction to reaction mechanisms
- Homolytic fission: When a covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms gets an unpaired electron and becomes a radical
- Heterolytic fission: When a covalent bond breaks and only one of the bonded atoms gets both of the electrons and one bcomes a negative ion and the other a positive ion
- Radical:an atom or molecule with an unpaired electron
- Curly arrow: shows the movement of a pair of electrons
- Fish hook arrow: shows the movement of one electron
- Electrophile: an electron pair acceptor
- nucleophile: an electron apir donor
- Addition reaction: two reactants join together to make one product
- Substitution reaction: an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
- Elimination reaction: the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
- Organic chemistry
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