B6 - Beyond The Microscope (OCR Gateway Science B)

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  • Created by: lilyemma
  • Created on: 06-03-17 18:56
What is the proper name for 'naked' DNA?
Bacterial DNA
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What do bacterium have for movement?
Flagellum
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What do bacterium have? C___ W___
Cell wall (not cellulose)
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What do bacterium have? C___ M_______
Cell membrane
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What are small DNA circles with genes that help bacterium survive?
Plasmid
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How much smaller are bacteria compared to animal and plant cells?
10 times
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What don't bacterium have that plant and animal cells have? N_____
nuceli
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What don't bacterium have that plant and animals cells have? M__________
Mitochondria
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Are bacterium ribosomes smaller or bigger than plant and animal cells?
Smaller
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What are the four different shapes of bacteria?
Curved rod, spherical, spiral, rod
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How does bacterial reproduction start?
With a bacteria cell
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How many pieces does the original bacterial cell split into?
Two
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What do the two new cells get ready for once they've formed?
Get ready to divide again
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What is binary fussion?
When each bacterium splits into two
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What form of reproduction is binary fussion?
Asexual
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How many cells does yeast have?
One
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What type of bacteria is yeast?
Fungi
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How does yeast reproduce?
Asexual using budding
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What does fungi have? C________
Cytoplasm
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What does fungi have? B__
Bud
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What does a bud do?
Forms a new cell then breaks away
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What does fungi have? C___ W___
Cell wall (NOT cellulose)
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What does fungi have? N______
Nucleus
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Are viruses bigger or smaller than bacteria or fungi?
Smaller
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Are viruses classified as living cells?
No
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Do viruses reproduce inside or outside a cell?
Inside
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How does a virus reproduce?
By taking over the cell to make new protein
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What can viruses cause?
Some illnesses
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Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?
No
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What are viruses made up of?
Strands of genetic material
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What are viruses surrounded by?
A protein coat
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What is the viruses' genetic material? RNA or DNA?
RNA
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Why do viruses have enzymes?
To take over cell machinery
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What does a virus attach onto?
A specific cell (host cell)
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How is mRNA made?
The virus' genetic material is injected into the nucleus
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Where are new viruses made using the material inside the host cell and genetic material from the virus?
In the cytoplasm of the cell
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How do the viruses leave?
By splitting the cell open
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What happens when the virus leaves the host cell?
The host cell dies
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What are microorganisms that cause disease?
Pathogens
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What type of pathogen causes cholera and food poisoning?
Bacteria
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What type of pathogen causes influenza, chicken pox?
Virus
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What type of pathogen causes athlete's foot?
Fungus
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How does disease transmission via food happen?
Food is contaminated with bacteria
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How is disease transmission via food prevented?
Good hygiene through food cooking
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How does disease transmission via water happen?
Bacteria in water is contaminated with sewage
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How is disease transmission via water prevented?
Good hygiene and proper sewage handling
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How does disease transmission via airborne droplet happen?
Produces through coughing and sneezing, entering in the airways or eyes
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How is disease transmission via airborne droplets prevented?
Using tissues, good hygiene and campaigns
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How does disease transmission via contact happen?
With damp surfaces where fungi thrive or via sexual activities
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How is disease transmission via contact prevented?
avoidance or use of barrier
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What is the incubation period?
When microorganisms reproduce
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What do microorganisms make in the body?
Harmful toxins
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What can earthquakes lead to?
Cholera and food poisoning
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What do tsunamis ruin and cause?
ruined water supplies and damage to electrical supplies, overcrowding
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Why are the affects tsunamis cause bad for disease?
It's difficult to keep food and water fresh and there's poor sanitation
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What happens when water supplies and sewage systems are damaged?
It's not safe to drink or wash in
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What happens if sewage gets onto land?
Crops are contaminated
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What can bacteria be used to make? Y______
Yoghurt
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How is yoghurt made?
When bacteria turns milk sour
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What can bacteria be used to make? S_____
Silage
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How is silage made?
When fermented grass is fed to cows
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What can bacteria be used to make? C_____
Cheese
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How is cheese made?
When bacteria ripens milk
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What can bacteria be used to make? V______
Vinegar
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How is vinegar made?
When bacteria makes acids from alcohol
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What can bacteria make? C______
Compost
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How is compost made?
When bacteria breaks down dead plant material
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What temperature is milk pasteurised to and for how long?
95 degrees for 20 minutes
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What temperature is milk incubated at and for how long?
46 degrees for 4 hours
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What is the bacterium used to make yoghurt called?
Lactobacillus
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What sugar does Lactobacillus break down and what into?
Lactose to lactic acid
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What does lactic acid change in the milk to give yoghurt its texture?
Protein
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What is biomass?
The mass of living materials
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What can plant biomass be used for?
biofuels (e.g.: biogas, wood)
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What is biogas mainly?
CH4 (methane)
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How much methane is in biogas?
70%
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How much CO2 is in biogas?
30%
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What else does biogas contain other than CH4 and CO2?
H2 N2 H2S
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How much methane is used to burn easily?
>50%
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How much methane is used to become explosive?
10%
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Why does temperature affect biogas?
Enzymes are involved
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How can biogas' released energy be used? T_ G_______ E_________
to generate electricity
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How can biogas' released energy be used? T_ P______ H__ W____ A__ S____
to produce hot water and steam
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How can biogas' released energy be used? F___ F__ V_______
fuel for vehicles
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What is Gasohol?
A type of bio biofuel
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What does yeast turn sugar from to make ethanol?
Sugar cane
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What is made when you mix ethanol and petrol?
Gasohol
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Is Gasohol cleaner or dirtier than petrol?
Cleaner
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Why is gasohol useful in countries like brazil?
they have lots of sugar cane and little oil reserves
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What is gasohol an alternative to?
Fossil fuels
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What is increased in the air when fossil fuels are burnt?
carbon dioxide
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are participates produced when gasohol burns?
nO
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What is a disadvantage to gasohol?
large areas and natural habitats are wiped out
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do bacterium have for movement?

Back

Flagellum

Card 3

Front

What do bacterium have? C___ W___

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do bacterium have? C___ M_______

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are small DNA circles with genes that help bacterium survive?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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