b3 glossary terms 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyAll topicsGCSEOCR Created by: LavleenGillCreated on: 14-04-17 22:35 Chromosomes Thread like structures in the cell nucleus that carry genetic information 1 of 38 Gene Section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic 2 of 38 Mitochondria Structures in a cell where respiration takes place 3 of 38 Messenger RNA Copy of a section of DNA used to carry the gene code to the ribosomes 4 of 38 Collagen Protein used for support in animal cells 5 of 38 Insulin Hormone made by the pancreas which controls the level of glucose in the blood 6 of 38 Haemoglobin Chemical found in red blood cells which carries oxygen 7 of 38 Mutation Where the DNA within cells have been altered 8 of 38 Amino acids Small molecules from which proteins are built 9 of 38 Enzyme Biological catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction 10 of 38 Active site The place on an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds 11 of 38 Substrate Molecules at the start of a chemical reaction 12 of 38 Denatured An enzyme is denatured if it's shape changed so that the substrate cannot fit into the active site 13 of 38 Aerobic respiration Respiration that involves oxygen 14 of 38 Respiratory quotient Equation used to determine the substrate used in respiration 15 of 38 ATP Molecule used to store energy in the body 16 of 38 Oxygen debt The debt for oxygen that builds up in the body when the demand for oxygen is greater than the supply 17 of 38 Asexual reproduction Reproduction involving only one parent 18 of 38 Cell differentiation When cells become specialised 19 of 38 Diploid Cells that have two copies of each chromosome 20 of 38 Mitosis Cell division that results in genetically identical diploid cells 21 of 38 Meiosis Cell division that results in haploid cells 22 of 38 Gametes The male and female sex cells (sperm and eggs) 23 of 38 Haploid Cells that only have one copy of each chromosome 24 of 38 Plasma Yellow liquid found in blood 25 of 38 Red blood cells Blood cells which are adapted to carry oxygen 26 of 38 Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart 27 of 38 Veins Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart 28 of 38 Capillaries Small blood vessels that join arteries to veins 29 of 38 Double Circulatory System Where the heart is pumped to the lungs then returned to the heart before being pumped around the body 30 of 38 Stem cells Unspecialised body cells that can develop into other specialised cells that the body needs 31 of 38 Meristems Tips of roots and shoots where cell division and elongation take places 32 of 38 Selective breeding Process of breeding organisms with the desired characteristics 33 of 38 Inbreeding Breeding closely related animals 34 of 38 Genetic engineering Transfer of genes from one organism to another 35 of 38 Gene therapy Medical procedure where a virus is used to "carry" a gene into the nucleus of a cell 36 of 38 Clone Genetically identical copy 37 of 38 Nuclear transfer Type of cloning that involves taking a nucleus from a body cell and placing it into an egg cell 38 of 38
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