-Building larger molecules from smaller ones. -Allowing muscles to contract. -Regulating body temperature. -The production of amino acids.
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Aerobic Respiration
Glucose+oxygen= carbon dioxide+water+energy
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Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose= energy+ lactic acid
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What changes happen to our body during exercise?
-Increased heart rare. -Rate and depth or breathing increases. -Arteries dilate. -Bloodflow to muscles increases.
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What do the muscles store glucose as?
Glycogen, which can be converted backk to glucose for use during exercise
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What is produced due to an incomplete breakdown of glucose?
Lactic acid (cramp, you become very fatigued)
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How is lactic acid removed?
Bloodflow to muscles will remove lactic acid and the pain.
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Body cells contain...
Two sets of 23 chromosomes arranged in pairs (46 in total)
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Gametes (sex cells) contain...
One set of 23 chromosomes (half of normal body cells)
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Cell Division (Fertilisation)
Egg and Sperm fuse to produce a zygote (single body cell with 23 new pairs of chromosomes). The cell then divides repeatedly by mitosis to form a new individual.
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Mitosis
Mitosis is the division of body cells to produce new cells.It occurs for growth and repair in asexual reproduction (same alleles as parents)
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Meiosis
It occurs in the testes and ovaries and is the process in which gametes multiply to produce genetically unique cells.
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What is the sex hormone in males and females?
Male: XY Female: **
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What is an allele?
A different version of a gene.
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What is meant by a dominant allele?
The allele that is always inherited (only one is needed).
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What is meant by a recessive allele?
An allele that is inherited if there are two.
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What is a homozygous pair?
Two alleles that are the same.
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What is a hetrozygous pair?
Two alleles that are different.
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Who determines the gender of the offspring?
The male as he has XY chromosomes whereas the woman only has **.
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Who was Gregor Mendal?
He was an Austrain Monk who studied monohybrid inheritance using pea plants. His work wasn't deemed important until after his death.
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What is the phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism.
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What is a genotype?
The full set of genes of an organism.
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What is embryo screening?
It is a medical procedure that allows a family to see whether the offspring will or will not inherit a certain allele. This may allow them to decide whether or not to have an abortion.
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Advatages of embryo screening
-Allows a parent to understadn the extent of a child's possible illness. -Could deplete the gene.
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Disadvantages of embryo screening
-Ethical problems, abortions not permitted. -May enable people to the choose genetic makeup of their child.
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What are stem cells?
Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can develop into other body cells. Human stem cells are found in human embryos (embryonic cells) and bone marrow of adults.
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For stem cell use
Some people believe it is more important to help people who are already living.
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Against stem cell use
Some people believe that human embryos shouldn't be used because they are a potential human life.
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What is the structure of chromosomes?
They are made up of DNA. A DNA molecule consists of two long strands that are coiled to form a double helix. A gene is a small section of DNA.
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Polydactyly
Dominant Gene
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Cystic Fibrosis
Recessive Gene
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Energy from respiration is used for...
Back
-Building larger molecules from smaller ones. -Allowing muscles to contract. -Regulating body temperature. -The production of amino acids.
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