atomic structure & periodic table

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  • Created by: millie888
  • Created on: 30-05-17 13:32
Describe the structure of an atom
Atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and are in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus
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how do you calculate numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons given a periodic table
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
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Describe the development of the nuclear model of the atom from earlier
In the early model 'plum pudding' the atom was imagined to be a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons dotted around inside it like plums in a pudding.
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Compare the size of atoms to other items
If we enlarged an atom to the size of a basketball, then a penny would become as big as our entire planet
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how to calculate the Atomic mass of an element given the percentage abundance of its isotopes
multiply the fraction by the mass number for each isotope, then add them together.
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Explain what is meant by an isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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Describe how atoms become ions in terms of gaining or losing electrons
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
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where are metals and non-metals are on the periodic table
metals, on the left, from non-metals, on the right. Most elements are metals.
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what are the rows on the periodic tables show
As you move down the table, every row adds an orbital of electrons
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why are the elements are placed in groups on the periodic table
The groups of elements in the periodic table are the elements which have the same number of electrons in their outer shells and so have similar chemical properties
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Describe the properties of group 0 elements
They are called the noble gases because they are very unreactive
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Describe the properties of the Group 1 metals
they have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metals. they are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife. They have low densities so some can float.
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How do group 1 metals react with water
group 1 elements need to be stored under oil to prevent them reacting with oxygen and water vapor in the air.
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Explain why Group 1 reactivity increases going down the group
As you go down group 1, the number of electron shells increases therefore, the outermost electron gets further from the nucleus. The attraction from the positive nucleus to the negative electron is less.
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Describe the properties of group 7 elements
The Group 7 elements are called the halogens.they form salts when they react with metals.
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Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of group 7 down the group
The reactivity of group 7 elements decreases down the group because, as you go down the group: The atoms get larger. The outer shell gets further from the nucleus. The attraction between the nucleus and electrons gets weaker, so an electron is less e
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

Back

how do you calculate numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons given a periodic table

Card 3

Front

In the early model 'plum pudding' the atom was imagined to be a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons dotted around inside it like plums in a pudding.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

If we enlarged an atom to the size of a basketball, then a penny would become as big as our entire planet

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

multiply the fraction by the mass number for each isotope, then add them together.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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