Anatomy and Physiology Key Terms

All definitions taken from the OCR As level PE textbook

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Collagen
A fibrous protein with great strength that is the main component of the bone
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Calcium
The mineral stored in bone that keeps it hard and strong. 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bones
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Diaphysis
The shaft or middle part of a long bone
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Epiphysis
The end portion of a long bone
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Bone Marrow
Connnective tissue found in the spaces inside bone that is the site of blood cell production and fat storage
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Growth Plate
The area of growing tissue near the end of long bones in children and adolescents, often referred to as the epiphyseal plate.
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Articular Cartilage
A thin layer of glassy-smooth cartilage that is quite spongy and covers the end of bones at a joint
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Joint Cavity
A space within a synovial joint that contains synovial fluid
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Bursa
A flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial fluid that contains a thin layer of synovial fluid. Its function is to prevent friction at sites in the body where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bones might rub together
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Meniscus
A wedge of white fibrocartilage that improves the fit between adjacent bone ends, making the joint more stable and reducing wear and tear on a joint
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Pad of Fat
A fatty pad that provides cushioning between the fibrous capsule and a bone or muscle
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Anatomical Position
An upright standing position with head, shoulders,chest, palms of hands, hips, knees and toes facing forward
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Anterior
Towards the front of the body
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Posterior
Towards the back of the body
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Superior
Towards the head or upper part of the body
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Inferior
Towards the feet or the lower part of the body
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Medial
Towards the middle of the body
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Lateral
Towards the outside of the body
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Origin
Point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
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Insertion
Point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
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Antagonistic muscle action
As on muscle shortends to produce movement another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place
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Agonist muscle
The muscle that is directly respsonsable for the movement at a joint
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Antagonist muscle
The muscle that has an action opposite to an agonist muscle and helps the production of a coordinated muscle
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Core Stability
The ability of your trunk to support the forces from your arms and legs during different types of physical activity
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Rotator Cuff
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles make up the rotator cuff . they works to stabilize the shoulder joint
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Eccentric Contraction
When a muscle lengthens during contraction
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Concentric Contraction
When a muscles shortens during contraction
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Isometric contraction
Static contraction (muscles doesn't lengthen nor shorten)
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Muscle Fibre
A long cylindrical muscle cell
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Slow twitch muscle fibre
A type of muscle fibre associated with aerobic work. It produces a small force over a long period of time : high resistance of fatigue
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Fast twitch muscle fibre
A type of muscle fibre associated with anaerobic work.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The mineral stored in bone that keeps it hard and strong. 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bones

Back

Calcium

Card 3

Front

The shaft or middle part of a long bone

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The end portion of a long bone

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Connnective tissue found in the spaces inside bone that is the site of blood cell production and fat storage

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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