countering an argument means disagreeing with it by providing a claim or argument that goes against it
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Challenge
a question that highlights a possible weakness in an argument
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Assess
when you assess something, you have to discuss one side, discuss the other side and then draw a conclusion
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Opinion
a personal belief based on taste or preference, not on facts
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Belief
something someone thinks is true
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Knowledge
being certain that something's true because you have information to prove it
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Reasoning
the process of drawing a conclusion from reasons and evidence
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Infer
to look at reasons or evidence and decide what conclusions they could support
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Refute
refuting a claim means saying that it's wrong without giving a claim
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Reupdiate
repudiating a claim means saying that it's wrong without giving a claim
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Contradict
statements contradict if they say opposite things
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Coherent
a coherent claim makes sense - it is consistent and not illogical or confusing
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Structure
the different parts of an argument and the logical way they are linked together
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Strengths
parts of an argument that help support a conclusion effectively
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Weakness
parts of an argument that don't support a conclusion
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Support
supporting something means backing something up by giving reasons to accept it
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Inconsistent
an argument is inconsistent if it contains two statements that can't both be true at the same time
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Consistent
accounts are consistent if it's possible for all their claims to be true at the same time. Consistency is one of the credibility criteria
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Imply
if an unstated claim logically follows from the meaning of the statement, then the statement implies that claim, e.g. "the woman was murdered" implies that she is dead
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Converse
a statement that reverses the two events, in a statement of hypothetical reasoning, e.g. the converse of "if it is a square then it has four sides" is "if it has four sides then it is a square"
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Ambiguous
a statement or word is ambiguous if it can mean more than one thing, and it is not clear which is meant or intended
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Challenge
Back
a question that highlights a possible weakness in an argument
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