Agriculture and Crop Development

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In 2013, which country was the top producer of wheat?
China
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In 2013, which country was the top producer of maize?
USA
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In 2013, which country was the top producer of rice?
China
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Roughly how many tonnes of wheat are produced per year?
680 million tonnes
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Around how many tonnes of wheat are traded per year?
132 million tonnes
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How many tonnes of maize are produced per year?
853 million tonnes
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How many tonnes of maize are traded each year?
96 million tonnes
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Around how many tonnes of rice are grown each year?
469 million tonnes
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How many tonnes of rice are traded each year?
32 million tonnes
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What are five implications of major crops?
over reliance, pricing volatility, trade barriers, global issues on production, low ability to deal with shock issues such as pest/disease outbreaks
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What are the top 5 crops financially?
milk, rice, cattle meat, pig meat and chicken meat
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Which country is the top producer of milk?
USA
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How do beef systems vary across the USA, Brazil and India?
USA- grain fed and grass based, Brazil- mainly grass based, India- extensive grazing systems
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How do pork systems vary between China, USA and the UK?
China dominates with small scale, family owned pigs, USA has many large pig units and the UK has a focus on animal welfare and ethics
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How do chicken systems vary between USA, China, Brazil and the UK?
USA- 40 vertically integrated companies which work with farmers, China- family production, Brazil- mostly integrated systems, UK- intensive but stringent welfare systems
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In England, why is wheat production focused on the Eastern half of the country?
drier weather
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Why is maize production concentrated around the South West and West of England?
concentrated in areas with high numbers of cows as used for dairy cow feed
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Why are beef and dairy cattle mainly produced in the West and South West of England?
these areas grow grass well
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Why is pig production focused in East Anglia and Yorkshire?
these areas have large production of cereals and it is easier to move pigs to these areas than to move cereal production
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Sheep production is mainly in the uplands and North of England, the West Midlands, Derbyshire and Leicestershire- why is this?
they can utilise the grass that is un-edible to us
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What is the effect of agricultural policies in developed countries?
support agriculture, especially encouraging positive environmental behaviour
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What is the effect of agricultural policies in developing countries?
they often tax agriculture and the Government gains money from this
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What are the 4 agricultural policies that have been put in place in the UK to date?
Corn Laws (1815-46), Agricultural Marketing Acts (1931 & 1933), Agriculture Act (1947), Common Agricultural Policy (EU 1957 Treaty of Rome, UK joined in 1973 and will remain until we leave the EU)
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What is Pillar I of the Common Agricultural Policy 2015-2020?
Basic farm payment (replaces single farm payment) and greening
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What is Pillar II of the CAP 2015-2020?
Agri-environment and rural development
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What is the minimum amount of crops to be grown by a farm, as enforced by EFA as part of the CAP?
2-3 depending on size of farm
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Where is the main population growth occurring?
undeveloped countries
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What is Malthus' theory on population growth?
there will be exponential increase if unchecked and subsistence will only increase arithmetically
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What does the Engel curve show?
the higher the income of a person, the lower proportion they spend on food
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How is the demand for starch and protein changing?
diet is changing to incorporate more protein (mainly meat) and less starch
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What is food sovereignty?
the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems
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What are some of the different factors involved with the governance of food systems?
trade and trade barriers, policies, volatile food prices, changes to the dominancy of food producing countries
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Which resources are at major threat from competition?
land, energy, water
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How are consumer values and ethics changing?
animal welfare considerations, GM and cloning, fair trade and equity, food as a social and emotional tool rather than just a calorie source
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Card 2

Front

In 2013, which country was the top producer of maize?

Back

USA

Card 3

Front

In 2013, which country was the top producer of rice?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Roughly how many tonnes of wheat are produced per year?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Around how many tonnes of wheat are traded per year?

Back

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