Abdominal Conditions
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- Created by: liv
- Created on: 20-12-22 13:45
What is gastroenteritis?
Infection of the GI tract, usually the intestines
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Symptoms of gastroenteritis
Tachycardia
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Flu-like illness
Stomach pain
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Flu-like illness
Stomach pain
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Treatment and management of gastroenteritis
Pain relief if needed
Ondansetron for sickness
Paracetamol for fever
Consider GP or ED
Ondansetron for sickness
Paracetamol for fever
Consider GP or ED
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ONDANSETRON
Action: anti-emetic, blocks 5HT receptors centrally and in the GI tract to stop vagal stimulation which causes vomiting
Dose: 4mg
Presentation: 4mg/2ml
IV slowly over 2 min or IM
Indication: treatment of nausea and vomiting
Check for long QT before admini
Dose: 4mg
Presentation: 4mg/2ml
IV slowly over 2 min or IM
Indication: treatment of nausea and vomiting
Check for long QT before admini
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What is gastritis?
Inflammation of the stomach lining
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What causes gastritis?
Infection
Excessive drinking or smoking
Prolonged NSAID use
Excessive drinking or smoking
Prolonged NSAID use
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Symptoms of gastritis
Burning ache or pain in upper abdomen
Pain changes upon eating - better or worse
Vomiting
Nausea
Pain changes upon eating - better or worse
Vomiting
Nausea
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Treatment for gastritis
Pain relief if needed
Ondansetron
Paracetamol if fever
Consider GP referral
Ondansetron
Paracetamol if fever
Consider GP referral
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What is a bowel obstruction?
Obstruction of the bowel causing constipation
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What can cause a bowel obstruction?
Mechanical
Compromised blood supply
Compromised blood supply
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Symptoms of bowel obstruction
Tinkering bowel sounds
No passing of wind
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Distention
Vomiting - faecal in serious cases
No passing of wind
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Distention
Vomiting - faecal in serious cases
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Treatment of obstruction
Pain relief if needed
Ondansetron
Convey to ED as this is an abdominal emergency
Ondansetron
Convey to ED as this is an abdominal emergency
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What is pancreatitis?
Inflammation of part of the pancreas - this causes the pancreas to become damaged
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Causes of pancreatitis
Gallstones
Alcohol
Steroids
Drugs
Trauma
Alcohol
Steroids
Drugs
Trauma
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Symptoms of pancreatitis
Vomiting
Severe epigastric pain
Tripod position relieves pain
Pain radiates to back in 50% of cases
Tachycardia
Fever
Jaundice
Severe epigastric pain
Tripod position relieves pain
Pain radiates to back in 50% of cases
Tachycardia
Fever
Jaundice
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Management of pancreatitis
Do not feed by mouth
Cannulation for fluids and drugs
Ondansetron
Pain relief
Cannulation for fluids and drugs
Ondansetron
Pain relief
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What is an AAA
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Bulge or swelling in the aorta
Bulge or swelling in the aorta
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Is AAA dangerous
Can be life threatening if it ruptures
Diameter of over 5.5cm is high risk of rupture
Diameter of over 5.5cm is high risk of rupture
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Causes of AAA
Trauma
Infection
Inflammatory disease
Connective tissue disorder
Infection
Inflammatory disease
Connective tissue disorder
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Symptoms of AAA
Fainting
SOB
Tachycardia
Fever
Sweating
Dizziness
Clammy
Pale
Tummy or lower back pain
SOB
Tachycardia
Fever
Sweating
Dizziness
Clammy
Pale
Tummy or lower back pain
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Pharmacological interventions for AAA
Pain relief - morphine, paracetamol
Ondansetron for sickness
Ondansetron for sickness
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Treatment for AAA
Convey to ED
ATMIST if suspected rupture
ATMIST if suspected rupture
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What is diverticular disease
The presence of diverticula
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What is diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticula
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What are diverticular
Small pouches of mucosa that herniate through the wall of the colon
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Signs of diverticulitis
Rectal bleeding
Left sided cramps
LLQ pain
Pain relieved on opening bowels
Irregular bowels
Vomiting
Nausea
Fever
Left sided cramps
LLQ pain
Pain relieved on opening bowels
Irregular bowels
Vomiting
Nausea
Fever
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Pharmacological interventions for diveriticulitis
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Ondansetron
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What is UTI
Urinary Tract Infection
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Symptoms of UTI
Increased urine frequency
Stinging / burning sensation
Haematuria
Dysuria
Nocturia
Offensive smell
Cloudy pee
Stinging / burning sensation
Haematuria
Dysuria
Nocturia
Offensive smell
Cloudy pee
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Red flags for UTI in elderly
Confusion
Sepsis
Sepsis
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Management and treatment of UTI
Consider GP for mild infection
Convey to ED if red flags are present
Convey to ED if red flags are present
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What is pyelonephritis?
Inflammation of the kidneys
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Pathophysiology of pyelonephritis
Infection usually starts as UTI
The bacteria travels up the ureters to the kidneys
A serious infection in the blood can also spread to the kidneys
The bacteria travels up the ureters to the kidneys
A serious infection in the blood can also spread to the kidneys
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Symptoms of pyelonephritis
Any UTI symptoms
Nausea
Vomiting
Shaking or chills
Fever
Pain in abdomen
Nausea
Vomiting
Shaking or chills
Fever
Pain in abdomen
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Pharmacological intervention for pyelonephritis
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Ondansetron
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Management plan for pyelonephritis
Convey to ED
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What is renal calculi?
Kidney stones
Found in the kidneys or ureters
Found in the kidneys or ureters
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Pathophysiology of renal calculi
Low fluid intake results in the production of concentrated urine
Leads to crystallisation of stone forming compounds
Leads to crystallisation of stone forming compounds
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Symptoms of renal calculi
Pain in flank
Severe pain that comes and goes
Nausea / vomiting
Fever
Blood in urine
UTI symptoms
Severe pain that comes and goes
Nausea / vomiting
Fever
Blood in urine
UTI symptoms
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Management of renal calculi
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
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What is renal colic?
Pain that occurs when a stone gets stuck in part of your urinary tract
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Pathophysiology of renal colic
Kidney stones that get stuck
They can be found in the kidneys, bladder, ureters
They can be found in the kidneys, bladder, ureters
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Symptoms of renal colic
UTI symptoms
Crystal in urine
Fever and chills
Nausea / vomiting
Intense flank pain
Crystal in urine
Fever and chills
Nausea / vomiting
Intense flank pain
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Management of renal colic
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
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What is IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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What is IBD
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder
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Pathophysiology of cholecystitis
When a gallstone becomes stuck in the cystic duct
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What is billiary colic
Biliary colic is severe pain due to contractions of the wall trying to move the stone
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Symptoms of cholecystitis
RUQ pain
Murphys positive
Usually worse after eating fatty foods
Nausea / vomiting
Fever
Murphys positive
Usually worse after eating fatty foods
Nausea / vomiting
Fever
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Management of cholecystitis
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
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What is appendicitis?
Inflammation of the appendix
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Pathophysiology of appendicitis
Caused by a blockage in the lining of the appendix
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Symptoms of appendicitis
McBurneys point tenderness
Rovsing's sign
Psoas sign
Obturator sign
Fever
Nausea / vomiting
Guarding
Localised tenderness
Rovsing's sign
Psoas sign
Obturator sign
Fever
Nausea / vomiting
Guarding
Localised tenderness
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What is Rovsing's sign
Palpate LLQ and it produces pain in the RLQ
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What is Psoas sign
Patient lying on left side and right leg is passively moved back
Produces pain
Produces pain
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What is Obturator sign
Patient lying on back with right hip flexed at 90 degrees
Foot is moved away from the body and this produces pain
Foot is moved away from the body and this produces pain
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Management of appendicitis
Pain relief
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
Ondansetron
Convey to ED
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Symptoms of gastroenteritis
Back
Tachycardia
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Flu-like illness
Stomach pain
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Flu-like illness
Stomach pain
Card 3
Front
Treatment and management of gastroenteritis
Back
Card 4
Front
ONDANSETRON
Back
Card 5
Front
What is gastritis?
Back
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