Medical Emergencies
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- Created by: LouisaD
- Created on: 06-09-22 15:33
When Chocking is mild what is the management
encourage cough
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when chocking is severe what is the management
Conscious alternate- 5 back blows
- 5 abdominal thrusts
unconscious - start CPR
- 5 abdominal thrusts
unconscious - start CPR
2 of 37
back blows are more successful in children when
the child is faced down
3 of 37
chest thrusts are given to children less than
1 years old - due to the damage it can cause abdominally
4 of 37
Acute coronary syndrone encompasses what conditions
all conditions are due to
this is usually caused by...
all conditions are due to
this is usually caused by...
unstable angina
non - ST - segment elevation MI (NSTEMI)
and st segment elevation MI (STEMI)
all are due to sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart which is usually caused by a rupture of plaque in the wall on a coronary artery
non - ST - segment elevation MI (NSTEMI)
and st segment elevation MI (STEMI)
all are due to sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart which is usually caused by a rupture of plaque in the wall on a coronary artery
5 of 37
Symptoms of ACS
chest pain
pain in arms, back or jaw
sweating
nausea
vomiting
breathlessness
feeling faint
pain in arms, back or jaw
sweating
nausea
vomiting
breathlessness
feeling faint
6 of 37
what is a risk following ACS
the risk of cardaic arrest is high
7 of 37
what aids diagnosis of ACS
12 lead ecg, history of existing conditions, existing clincal factors
8 of 37
ST segment elevation is considered significant when
in two continuous leads (v2 and v3)
in two continuous leads (v2 and v3)
2.5 mm in men aged under 40
2.0 in men over 40
1.5 in women
2.0 in men over 40
1.5 in women
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AND/OR
1mm in other leads when
1mm in other leads when
theres an absence of LBBB or LV
10 of 37
AND/OR
St segment depression in leads v1 v2 v3 suggests... especially when
and confimation st segment elevation is in v7, v8, v9 by ... mm indicating a
St segment depression in leads v1 v2 v3 suggests... especially when
and confimation st segment elevation is in v7, v8, v9 by ... mm indicating a
myocardial ischemia
the terminal t wave is postive
by 0.5 mm indicating a posterior MI
the terminal t wave is postive
by 0.5 mm indicating a posterior MI
11 of 37
use of V3R and v4R should be considered in patients with
inferior MI (St elevation in leads II, III, and aVF) itenfiying a right ventricular infacrtion
12 of 37
AND/OR
IN the presence of a LBBB, the ECG diagnosis is more...
however the management of a LBBB and ACS should be...
IN the presence of a LBBB, the ECG diagnosis is more...
however the management of a LBBB and ACS should be...
challenging
the same as a STEMI
the same as a STEMI
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AND/OR
patients who have RBBB and an MI have
patients who have RBBB and an MI have
poorer outcomes
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For patients who present with a STEMI follow what management
PPCI unit
administer aspirin, clopidogrel and GTN
prepare for an arrest
manage the pain
give oxygen if required
cannulate
administer aspirin, clopidogrel and GTN
prepare for an arrest
manage the pain
give oxygen if required
cannulate
15 of 37
Allergic reaction - what are common triggers
Food
venom
drugs
other causes
venom
drugs
other causes
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anaphylaxis is diagnosed following what criteria
sudden onset and rapid progression of symtoms
life treathening airway/breathing and or circulation problems
skin and mucosal changes ( flushing, urticaria and angioedema)
life treathening airway/breathing and or circulation problems
skin and mucosal changes ( flushing, urticaria and angioedema)
17 of 37
After recognising anaphylaxis what is the management
remove trigger (if possible)
lie patient flat, sitting if easier for breathing or on left side if pregnant
administer IM adrenaline
look in airway
give high flow oxygen
monitor
if no response - give IM adrenaline again
give IV fluid bolus
if no improvemen
lie patient flat, sitting if easier for breathing or on left side if pregnant
administer IM adrenaline
look in airway
give high flow oxygen
monitor
if no response - give IM adrenaline again
give IV fluid bolus
if no improvemen
18 of 37
refratory anaphylaxis is defined as what
a patient who fails to respond to second IM dose adrenaline
19 of 37
what is the management plan of refractory anaphylaxis
get IV/ IO access
give rapid IV fluids
Give IM adrenaline every 5 minutes
give high flow oxygen
monitor
give rapid IV fluids
Give IM adrenaline every 5 minutes
give high flow oxygen
monitor
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For mild allergic reactions what is the management plan
antihistamines
21 of 37
What are the red flag conditions of altered consciousness
Adrenal insufficiency
Epilepsy
Head injury
Hyperglycemia
hypoglycaemia
overdose
stroke/tia
subarachnoid haemorrhage
Epilepsy
Head injury
Hyperglycemia
hypoglycaemia
overdose
stroke/tia
subarachnoid haemorrhage
22 of 37
some conditions that may result in decreased level of consciousness
Alterations in pO2 and or pCO2
Alterations in pO2 and or pCO2
inadequate airway
inadequate ventilations or depressed response. drive and persistent hyperventilations
inadequate ventilations or depressed response. drive and persistent hyperventilations
23 of 37
some conditions that may result in decreased level of consciousness
caused by inadequate perfusion
caused by inadequate perfusion
cardiac arrrhythmias, distributive shock, hypovolaemia, neurogenic shock, raised intracranial pressure
24 of 37
some conditions that may result in decreased level of consciousness
that cause altered metabolic states
that cause altered metabolic states
hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia
25 of 37
some conditions that may result in decreased level of consciousness that are caused by intoxication or poisoning
Alcohol intoxication
carbon monoxide poisoning
drug overdose
carbon monoxide poisoning
drug overdose
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some conditions that may result in decreased level of consciousness that are caused by medical conditions
Adrenal crisis
epilepsy
hypo/hyperthermia
meningitis
stroke
subarachnoid haemorrhage
epilepsy
hypo/hyperthermia
meningitis
stroke
subarachnoid haemorrhage
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what are red flags signs in a faint
new ECG abnormalities
physical signs of heart failure
transiet loss of conciousness during exertion
family history of sudden cardiac death
new or unexplained breathlessness
a heart murmur
conveyance should be considered over 65 years
physical signs of heart failure
transiet loss of conciousness during exertion
family history of sudden cardiac death
new or unexplained breathlessness
a heart murmur
conveyance should be considered over 65 years
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Life threatening Asthma features
Altered consciousness level
exhaustion
cyanosis
silent chest
poor resp. effort
PEF < 33%
SpO2 - <92%
arrhythmia
hypotension
exhaustion
cyanosis
silent chest
poor resp. effort
PEF < 33%
SpO2 - <92%
arrhythmia
hypotension
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acute severe asthma
PEF 33-50% best or predicted
Spo2 >92%
inability to complete sentences
pulse is over 110
resp is over 25
Spo2 >92%
inability to complete sentences
pulse is over 110
resp is over 25
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moderate asthma
able to speak in sentences
increasing symptoms
PEF > 50 to 75
no feature of acute
increasing symptoms
PEF > 50 to 75
no feature of acute
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mild asthma
wheeze
32 of 37
Asthma algorithm
encourage use of own inhalers - ensure correct technique
administer oxygen
neb salbutamol
neb ipratropium bromide
administer steroids
back to back neb of salbutamol
magnesium
IM adrenaline
assess for bilateral pneumothorax
administer oxygen
neb salbutamol
neb ipratropium bromide
administer steroids
back to back neb of salbutamol
magnesium
IM adrenaline
assess for bilateral pneumothorax
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COPD
signs and symptoms
signs and symptoms
exertional breathlessness
chronic cough
regular sputum production
frequent winter bronchitis
wheeze
chronic cough
regular sputum production
frequent winter bronchitis
wheeze
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what do people with COPD carry
Oxygen alert card
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management of COPD
assess if its acute exacerbation of COPD or if its another condition
maintain airway patency
use neb meds
give steroids
maintain airway patency
use neb meds
give steroids
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when administering oxygen to COPD what do you need to limit it to
6 minutes
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
when chocking is severe what is the management
Back
Conscious alternate- 5 back blows
- 5 abdominal thrusts
unconscious - start CPR
- 5 abdominal thrusts
unconscious - start CPR
Card 3
Front
back blows are more successful in children when
Back
Card 4
Front
chest thrusts are given to children less than
Back
Card 5
Front
Acute coronary syndrone encompasses what conditions
all conditions are due to
this is usually caused by...
all conditions are due to
this is usually caused by...
Back
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