3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry

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  • Created by: KateStoc
  • Created on: 06-08-18 11:41
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
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What is a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
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What is a general formula?
An algerbraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.
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What is a structural formula?
Shows the atom carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups. E.g. Ethane: CH3CH3
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What is a displayed formula?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.
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?What is a skeletal formula?
Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups.
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Free-Radical Substitution: Initiation
Free radicals are produced. Cl-Cl bonds are broken by UV light. This produces two Cl• free radicals, each with one unpaired electron
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Free-Radical Substitution: Propagation
Free radicals are used up and new ones created. Cl• + CH4 --> •CH3 + HCl. •CH3 + Cl2 --> CH3Cl + Cl•
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Free-Radical Substitution: Termination
Free radicals are used up. If two free radicals join, they make a stable molecule with a covalent bond. E.g •CH3 + Cl• --> CH3Cl
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Curly arrows in mechanisms.
Curly arrows represent the movement of electrons.
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What is structural isomerism?
A molecule with the same molecular formula as, but a different structure to another molecule. (i.e the atoms are connected in different ways)
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What is a stereoisomer?
A molecule that has the same structural formula as another molecules, but has its atoms arranged differently in space.
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What is an E-Z isomer?
A form of stereoisomer that occurs because there is restricted rotation around the planar Carbon=Carbon double bond. E means highest priority groups are on opposite sides of the C=C. Z means highest priority groups are on the same side of the C=C.
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What are the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) priority rules?
Look at each carbon individually. The side with the greatest atomic number has priority. Do the same with the other side. If they are opposite, it is an E isomer. If they are the same, it is a Z isomer.
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What is a chain isomer?
An organic molecule that contains the same atoms and functional groups as another molecule, but has a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.
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What is a positional isomer?
A molecule with the same skeleton and molecular formula as another but the functional group is attached to a different carbon.
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What is a functional group isomer?
A molecule with the same molecular formula as another molecule, but with the atoms arranged into different functional groups.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Back

What is a molecular formula?

Card 3

Front

An algerbraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Shows the atom carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups. E.g. Ethane: CH3CH3

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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