Globalisation

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What is globalisation?
The process of which firms develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
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What are some of the influences of globalisation?
Transport & connection, technology, international organisations, markets and TNC's.
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How has transport and connection influenced globalisation?
Mobile phones & the internet has allowed people all over the world to communicate. Increased ability to travel due to aircrafts has caused time-space compression to occur as the time taken to travel has decreased, (containerisation). Shrinking world.
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How has technology influenced globalisation?
Technology has become more efficient and the world has become less reliant on human capital. Has allowed firms to easily and quickly supply good quality goods for the world. However, causes increased unemployment as capital substitutes labour.
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How have international organisations and markets influenced globalisation?
The WTO and other free trade unions allows the free movement of good and services allowing countries greater economic growth and firms greater stock growth.
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What is the world trade organisation?
They protect parties in trade agreements, promote free trade and increase FDI.
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What is the international monetary fund?
Monitor exchange rates inflation to ensure financial stability, high employment and economic growth. They reduce poverty by letting developing countries borrow money.
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What is the world bank?
An international financial institution that gives less economically developed countries the opportunity to borrow money.
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What policies do national governments implement to promote free trade blocs?
Free-market liberalisation, privatisation encouragement of business start-ups, subsidies and special economic zones.
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What is the AT Kearney Index?
A measurement of a a country's political engagement (participation in treaties&trade), connectivity (internet users), personal contact (phone calls, travel, remittances) and economic integration (international trade & FDI).
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What is the KOF Index?
It ranks countries based on economic, political, social and cultural globalisation.
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What are the benefits of TNC's for the host country?
Brain gain, increased spending, increased consumption, increased investment, increased tax revenue, reduced unemployment and dependency on the government.
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What are the disadvantages of TNC's for the host country?
Increased pressure on education, health services and housing, over-crowded population, conflict with original residents
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What are the benefits of TNC's for the source country?
Decreased pressure on health services, housing & education, inflow of money through remittances, returning migrants bring more skills (more inelastic supply of labour).
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What are the disadvantages of TNC's for the source country?
Fall in labour, increased unemployment, increased dependency on the government for possible welfare if people can't find new work, brain drain, fall in spending.
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What are the disadvantages of the global shift?
There is a loss of productive land, unplanned settlements (shanty towns due to rural-urban migration) and increased pressure on resource and the environment (air&water pollution, land degradation, loss of biodiversity)
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What are the benefits of the global shift?
Improvements in infrastructure from FDI, higher wages, improved education & training and a fall in poverty.
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What are some push factors for rural areas?
Drought/famine, war/conflict, poor education & health services, lack of clean water, employment & electricity.
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What are some pull factors for rural areas?
Cheap to live (commuter village), family may not be able to afford to relocate as well.
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What are some push factors for urban areas?
Expensive to live, sink estates have high crime, high income & wealth inequality.
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What are some pull factors for urban areas?
Employment, better education & health services, greater security, stable government and better standards of living.
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What is cultural diffusion?
When TNC's migration, the media and tourism spreads the ideas of the cultures which creates global diversity.
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What is cultural erosion?
When an area loses its language, tradition, are less strict on religions and changes the way structures are operated & built. Mainly due to westernisation.
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What are the measurements of globalisation?
Economic - GDP & per capita, trade balance/current account. Social - Human development Index (HDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII). Environmental - Air pollution. Gini-coefficient - economic inequality, income & wealth distribution
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What are transition towns?
Communities that are self-sufficient. Reduces the effects of globalisation, reduces fossil fuel consumption & climate change and allows economic stability. However, they usually request funds from the government and are only small scale.
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How are NGO's encouraging sustainability?
Through the Keep Britain Tidy idea that encourages recycling.
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What is the free trade and rainforest alliance?
They reduce environmental degradation, poor working conditions and global trade inequalities. However, they need to take out loans from banks which leads to long term debt.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are some of the influences of globalisation?

Back

Transport & connection, technology, international organisations, markets and TNC's.

Card 3

Front

How has transport and connection influenced globalisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How has technology influenced globalisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How have international organisations and markets influenced globalisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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