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- Created on: 03-05-22 09:07
What are the 4 models of Mental Health
Psychodynamic
Cognitive Behavioral
Biological
Biopsychosocial
Cognitive Behavioral
Biological
Biopsychosocial
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Name 4 Psychodynamic Theorists
Freud
Jung
Adler
Eriksson
Jung
Adler
Eriksson
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Briefly describe the Psychodynamic Approach
Repressed childhood behaviours affect how we act as adults. Unconscious motives, behaviour is determined, object relations, transferance.
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What is applied psychology
providing interventions
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How many years does it take to become a clinical psychologist?
2:1 degree - 3 years full time
Doctorate Clinical Psychology (3 years full time)
1 year clinical experience
Doctorate Clinical Psychology (3 years full time)
1 year clinical experience
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Describe the Cognitive Triad
Negative views of the world
lead to NEGATIVE views of the future, leading to NEGATIVE views of self
Abnormality is faulty cognitions/distortions about the self, world and future
lead to NEGATIVE views of the future, leading to NEGATIVE views of self
Abnormality is faulty cognitions/distortions about the self, world and future
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Name the 4 themes in the BioPsychoSocial Model
Psycological
Sociological
Health
Biological
Sociological
Health
Biological
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Who created the BioPsychoSocial Model and in what year?
George Engel (1977)
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What is the placebo effect?
A beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself and must therefore be due to the patients belief in the treatment.
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What are the 5 steps to addressing Mental Health Concerns
Assessment
Formulation
Diagnosis
Intervention
Evaluation
Formulation
Diagnosis
Intervention
Evaluation
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What are Freud's 3 Ego's
ID
Ego
Superego
Ego
Superego
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Finish the sentence - Cognitive Behaviours is the abnormality that stems from.......
Fault Cognition
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Name one theorist of Cognitive Behaviour
Beck
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Name one theorist of BioPsychoSocial
Engel
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What are NICE guidelines
evidence based recommendations for health and social care in England
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What are the 5 treatments available to Mental Health clients
Biological
talking therapy
insight therapy
behaviour therapy
alternative/complimentary therapu
talking therapy
insight therapy
behaviour therapy
alternative/complimentary therapu
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Name one Antidepressant
SSRI
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How does SSRI work?
blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters such serotonin - which regulates mood, sleep and appetite
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What is Insight Therapy?
A form of psychotherapy where the therapist sits with the client and talks. Enhances the clients self awareness.
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Name 3 types of Insight Therapy
Dream Analysis
Rorschach test (analyzing clients response to vague inkblot pics)
Free Association (expression of thoughts/feelings)
Rorschach test (analyzing clients response to vague inkblot pics)
Free Association (expression of thoughts/feelings)
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Name one theorist associated with client centred insight therapy?
Carl Rogers
supporting emotional clients who determine the pace and direction of the therapy
supporting emotional clients who determine the pace and direction of the therapy
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Name 5 types of behaviour therapy
Systematic Desensitzation
CBT
Flooding
Aversion Therapy
Social Skills Training
CBT
Flooding
Aversion Therapy
Social Skills Training
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What was the first job description of educational psychology?
To report problematic cases referred for individual investigation. To construct and standardise tests. To organise and carry out surveys of school habitants. To be ready to report on specific problem raised by educational officer or committee.
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What do educational psychologists do?
Assess
Support
Interventions
Research
Consult
Training
Support
Interventions
Research
Consult
Training
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Who do educational psychologists work with?
ages 0-25
learning difficulties, social or emotional problems, gifted
with families and teaching staff
professionals in different fields
learning difficulties, social or emotional problems, gifted
with families and teaching staff
professionals in different fields
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Who employ educational psychologists?
local educational authorities
schools, colleges, nurseries and special units
independent or private consultants
schools, colleges, nurseries and special units
independent or private consultants
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How long does it take to become an educational psychologist?
2:1 or above degree - 3 years
full time relevant work - 1 year
professional training course (doctorate) - 3 years
full time relevant work - 1 year
professional training course (doctorate) - 3 years
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How do you gain relevant experience in educational psychology?
teacher
assistant in educational psychology
speech and language therapist
care workers, social workers
assistant in educational psychology
speech and language therapist
care workers, social workers
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Theories often used in educational psychology
behaviourism
cognitive development
information processing
observational learning
motivation
attribution
cognitive development
information processing
observational learning
motivation
attribution
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Behaviourism in education
Individual programme as learners require different reinforcements and targets
token economy
may be more important to give rewards than punishment
random reinforcement is better for neurotypical children
token economy
may be more important to give rewards than punishment
random reinforcement is better for neurotypical children
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Piaget in education
Maturation in the stages of development
Developmental readiness
Concepts are used depending on childs actions
You cannot teach a child unless they are ready for it
Developmental readiness
Concepts are used depending on childs actions
You cannot teach a child unless they are ready for it
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Child centred and discovery learning in education
Not about teaching them,
knowledge and ideas presented at appropriate level
social interactions more important
knowledge and ideas presented at appropriate level
social interactions more important
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Vygotsky in education
importance of group work
learning with and from others
thinking develops from language
self talk shows more advanced development
learning with and from others
thinking develops from language
self talk shows more advanced development
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How can educational psychologists make use of Baron-Cohen et al., (1985, 1986, 1995)?
screening
assessment
interventions
theorising
assessment
interventions
theorising
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What is a Psychologist?
An academically educated professional who helps clients to understand and solve problems by applying the theories and methods of psychology.
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8 core areas of Occ.Psych
1 - Psychological Assessment/selection
2 - Appraisal performance
3 - Training
4 - career counselling
5 - employee relations
6 - work/job/environment design
7 - organisational design/change
8 - Human to machine interaction
2 - Appraisal performance
3 - Training
4 - career counselling
5 - employee relations
6 - work/job/environment design
7 - organisational design/change
8 - Human to machine interaction
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What quals do I need to become an occ.psych
degree
masters in o.p
2 years supervised experience
registered with HCPC
masters in o.p
2 years supervised experience
registered with HCPC
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How many hours of therapy does a counselling psychologist need to do?
40 hours
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How many client hours of therapy does a counslling psychologist need to do ?
450 hours
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Who do clinical psycholgists work with?
Individuals
Teams
organisations
Teams
organisations
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What does a clinical psychologist do?
draws from a medical model - physical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
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What is the difference between a counsellor and a Counselling Psychologist?
A counsellor guides the individual using psychological methods.
Counselling Psychologist works with other organizations and the individual to tailor a psychological formulation to improve well being
Counselling Psychologist works with other organizations and the individual to tailor a psychological formulation to improve well being
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Name 4 theoretical traditions of Counselling Psychology?
Psychodynamic
Cognitive Behavioural
Humanistic
Narrative
Cognitive Behavioural
Humanistic
Narrative
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What is the A-B-C model
Action (or activating an event)
Belief (interpreation of the event)
Consequences (a combination of the event and your interpretation of it)
Belief (interpreation of the event)
Consequences (a combination of the event and your interpretation of it)
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What are the 5 factors in CBT
Thoughts
Emotions
Physical Sensations
Behaviour
The Situation
Emotions
Physical Sensations
Behaviour
The Situation
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What is Socratic questioning
Clarification
de-centering
challenge view points
analyse implications
summarising
de-centering
challenge view points
analyse implications
summarising
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Name a theorist in the Humanistic Approach (i.e. Person centred therapy?)
Carl Rogers
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Describe Person Centred Therapy
It is just the client and therapist in the room, the therapist doesn't challenge the client, the client is allowed to be whomever they wish. The client can sometimes end up feeling lost.
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Describe Narrative Therapy
Therapist has consideration of the clients viewpoint, non verbal communication is made. Exploring the words in the narrative.
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Describe Social Constructivism
Where the person holds experience in the form of stories, in their schemas. Stories encode memories and model the world
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What is FORMULATION?
The application of theory to individual circumstances to support the development of therapeutic intervention.
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What are the 4 steps of Formulation in therapy?
1 - SUMMARISE the clients core problems and present a working hypothesis about their difficulties
2 - EXPLAIN why these difficulties have developed using psychological theory
3 - PLANNED INTERVENTION
4 - UNIQUE - review and revise to make the formulation
2 - EXPLAIN why these difficulties have developed using psychological theory
3 - PLANNED INTERVENTION
4 - UNIQUE - review and revise to make the formulation
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NAME the 1+4 FACTORS?
Predisposing
Precipitating
Perpetuating
Protective
Precipitating
Perpetuating
Protective
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What is PREDISPOSING?
Factors that make the person vulnerable to specific events or conditions
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What is PRECIPITATING?
events that are close in time to the development of a problem (e.g. parents divorce)
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What is PERPETUATING?
factors involved in maintaining a problem (e.g. secondary gains resulting from the problem. attempted solutions in a family)
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What is PROTECTIVE?
Factors that contribute to resilience (e.g. sense of humour)
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What are Freud's 3 components of Psychodynamic Theory?
ID
Ego
Superego
Ego
Superego
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What does the ID represent?
Primitive desires, the need for gratification
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What does the Superego represent?
Moral and social constraints
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What does the Ego represent?
Reality and ability to delay gratification. Striking a balance between the demands of the ID and constraints of the Superego
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What is Maternal Deprivation?
Lack of love from the child / mother relationship
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What are the consequences of maternal deprivation?
Inability to form future attachments (Internal Working Model)
Affectionless Psychopathy (inability to feel remorse)
Delinquency
Problems with Cognitive Development
Affectionless Psychopathy (inability to feel remorse)
Delinquency
Problems with Cognitive Development
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Which theorist is associated with Maternal Deprivation?
Bowlby
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Which theorist is associated with Social Learning Theory?
Bandura
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Explain social learning theory associated with crime
Positive attitudes towards violence occur when rewards are seen
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Name 3 theories associated with criminal behaviour
Social Learning Theory (positive response)
Behavioural Theory (reward/punishment)
Cognitive Theory (social environment perception)
Behavioural Theory (reward/punishment)
Cognitive Theory (social environment perception)
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What is Forensic Pyschology?
Combines psychology and law
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Name 4 things that Forensic Psychologists do?
1 - Psychological aspects of investigation
2 - legal process
3 - offending behaviour
4 - apply psychological methods to reduce impact of re-offending
2 - legal process
3 - offending behaviour
4 - apply psychological methods to reduce impact of re-offending
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What are the 5 core areas in Forensic Psychology?
1 - Psychology of Crime & Delinquency
2 - Law enforcement Psychology
3 - Victimology & victim services
4 - Legal Psychology
5 - Correctional Psychology
2 - Law enforcement Psychology
3 - Victimology & victim services
4 - Legal Psychology
5 - Correctional Psychology
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Name 7 techniques of investigation
Reverse Order
Change perspective
Lie Detection
Memory/Cognition test
Good cop/Bad cop
Forced Choice - "was it?" "or"
Simple Communication
Change perspective
Lie Detection
Memory/Cognition test
Good cop/Bad cop
Forced Choice - "was it?" "or"
Simple Communication
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What is the Insanity Defence?
Individuals who are not responsible due to mental illness
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Sport psychology focuses on the application of.....(name 3)
Psychological principles
Theories
Methods
(to help athletes reach peak performance)
Theories
Methods
(to help athletes reach peak performance)
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Exercise psychology is concerned with understanding how.......
sport and physical activity affects and individuals psychological development
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Give 5 examples of jobs in Sport Psychology
Counselling referees
Advising coaches
personal development
private consultants
FT professional sports teams
Advising coaches
personal development
private consultants
FT professional sports teams
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Give 4 examples of Exercise Psychologist jobs (the combination of consultancy with teaching & research)
GP exercise referrals
Exercise programmes in employment
or prison
or psychiatric contexts
Exercise programmes in employment
or prison
or psychiatric contexts
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What education do you need to become a sport/exercise psychologist?
GBC - Graduate Basis for Chartered Membership
Masters in Sport & Exercise Psychology
Society Qualification in Sport & Exercise Psychology OR a Doctorate in sport & exercise psychology
Masters in Sport & Exercise Psychology
Society Qualification in Sport & Exercise Psychology OR a Doctorate in sport & exercise psychology
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What are the strengths of scientific knowledge in Sports Psychology (name 5)
Reliable
Systematic
Controlled
Objective
Unbiased
Systematic
Controlled
Objective
Unbiased
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What are the limitations of scientific knowledge in Sport Psychology (name 4)
Reductionist
Conservative
Slow to evolve
lack of focus on external validity
Conservative
Slow to evolve
lack of focus on external validity
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What are the strengths of Professional Practice in Sport Psychology (name 3)
Holistic
Innovative
immediate
Innovative
immediate
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What are the limitations of Professional Practice in Sport Psychology (name 3)
Less reliable
lack of explanations
greater susceptability to bias
lack of explanations
greater susceptability to bias
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Name the 4 days of Tetrad (ad 200)
Day 1 = Preparation
Day 2 = Concentration
Day 3 = Moderation
Day 4 = Relaxationn
Day 2 = Concentration
Day 3 = Moderation
Day 4 = Relaxationn
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Name the theorist who came up with DYNAMOGISM
Norman Triplett (1898)
cyclists cycle faster when competing against other cyclists
cyclists cycle faster when competing against other cyclists
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What does **** stand for?
Sport Competition Anxiety Test
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What two skills did Sport Psychologists start focussing on in the 1930s and 1940s
Motor performance and the acquisition of motor skills
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In what year did Sports Psychology emerge as a distinct discipline
1960s
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Name 6 Personality theories
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Trait
Social Cognitive
Phenomonological
Bheavioural
Humanistic
Trait
Social Cognitive
Phenomonological
Bheavioural
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What is Humanistic Personality Theory?
focuses on psychological growth, free will and personal awareness (Carl Rogers, Maslow)
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What is Trait Perspective?
Identifying, describing, measuring specific traits (Eysenck, Cattell, McCrae & Costa)
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What is social cognitive personality theory?
observational learning
self efficacy
situational influences
cognitive processes
(Albert Bandura)
self efficacy
situational influences
cognitive processes
(Albert Bandura)
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What is Phenomonological Theory of Personality?
The drive to fulfill potential
(also known as humanistic)
(Carl Rogers, Maslow)
(also known as humanistic)
(Carl Rogers, Maslow)
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Name two aspects of Behavioural Theory of Personality
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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What is applied sports psychology?
The study of mental factors that influence participation to improve competitive performance.
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What is Trait Anxiety?
Where nervousness is a stable personality trait in an individual
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What is State Anxiety?
temporary feelings of anxiety in a particular situation
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What 3 dimensions make up Competitive Anxiety?
Cogntivie anxiety
Somantic anxiety
Self Confidence
Somantic anxiety
Self Confidence
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What is Cognitive anxiety?
Cognitions about failure
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What is Somantic Anxiety?
The perception of bodily symptoms and heightened negative arousal
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What does Self Confidence prior to and during competitions usually indicate?
Low Competitive Anxiety
associated with HIGH PERFORMANCE
associated with HIGH PERFORMANCE
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Perfectionism can be both Adaptive and ......?
Maladaptive
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What is CPS?
Competitive Perfectionism Scale
(10 item test standardised by Besharat in 2009)
(10 item test standardised by Besharat in 2009)
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What is the MCAQ?
Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire
(measures anxiety)
(measures anxiety)
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What did Hamidi & Besharat (2010) aim to establish a relationship between?
Perfectionism and Competitive Anxiety
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Positive perfectionism is negatively associated with?
Cognitive and somantic anxiety
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Positive perfectionism is positively associated with?
self confidence
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Negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism) is positively associated with?
cognitive and somantic anxiety
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Negative perfectionism is negatively associated with?
self confidence
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Who was the first Education Psychologist appointed in 1913
Cyril Burt
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What are the 5 Core Activities of a Educational Psychologist?
Assessment
Intervention
Consultation
Training
Research
Intervention
Consultation
Training
Research
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Name the 6 stages of the analysis framework for an EP?
1 - collect background information
2 - initial guiding hypothesis
3 - identify problem
4 - analyse problem
5 - agree action plan
6 - monitor/evaluate outcomes
2 - initial guiding hypothesis
3 - identify problem
4 - analyse problem
5 - agree action plan
6 - monitor/evaluate outcomes
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How many years does it take to become an EP?
3 year degree
1 year experiencer
3 year doctorate
= 7 years
1 year experiencer
3 year doctorate
= 7 years
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5 universities offering the most places
Manchester
Birmingham
Sheffield
Nottingham
London
Birmingham
Sheffield
Nottingham
London
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Name 4 Fathers of Child Psychology
1 - cyril burt
2 - william james
3 - edward thorndike
4 - lev vygotsky
2 - william james
3 - edward thorndike
4 - lev vygotsky
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What does ZPD stand for?
Zone of Proximal Development
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What is ABA?
Applied Behaviour Analysis
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Name Jean Piaget's 4 stages of development
Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)
Preoperational (2-7 yrs)
Concrete Operational (7-11 yrs)
Formal Operational (Adolescence - Adulthood)
Preoperational (2-7 yrs)
Concrete Operational (7-11 yrs)
Formal Operational (Adolescence - Adulthood)
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What is Egocentrisim?
Limited and rigid thinking. seeing the world from one point of view (prevalent in younger children)
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At which stage in Piaget's development do children start considering others view point
Concrete Operational
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What is the Theory of Mind?
Predicting and/or interpreting the behaviour of others.
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Name the 4 steps in Vygotsky's Sociocultural Constructivism View
Scaffolding by others
Self Regulation
Internalisation
Reorganisation
Self Regulation
Internalisation
Reorganisation
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What is the Zone of Proximal Development? (ZPD)
Where they are now, and where they will be tomorrow with the support of others
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3 things that Vygotsky would do in class
Relationships ( group work, peer collaboration, learning with or from others)
Learning designed with meaning and structure
Using language (thinking develops. self talk. communication to thought)
Learning designed with meaning and structure
Using language (thinking develops. self talk. communication to thought)
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What is Bioecological Systems Theory? (Brofenbrennar & Morris)
Dynamic interactions between the child, people around them, conventions of community and ideology
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Name the 3 systems in the Bioecological Systems Theory
MICROSYSTEM (MESOSYSTEM) - direct interactions
EXOSYSTEM - indirect influences from social settings
MACROSYSTEM - cultural values, laws, resources
EXOSYSTEM - indirect influences from social settings
MACROSYSTEM - cultural values, laws, resources
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What is Neo-Behavourism
The study of learning and a focus on rigorous objective observational methods. Formalizing the laws of behaviour.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 4 Psychodynamic Theorists
Back
Freud
Jung
Adler
Eriksson
Jung
Adler
Eriksson
Card 3
Front
Briefly describe the Psychodynamic Approach
Back
Card 4
Front
What is applied psychology
Back
Card 5
Front
How many years does it take to become a clinical psychologist?
Back
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