Explain the relative influence of both children’s and adults’ behaviours upon the formation of attachment.
- Created by: Meg Fraser
- Created on: 10-01-17 10:09
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- Influence of child and adult in attachment formation
- Adult
- Ainsworth (1970) - strange situation test
- Observed child with mother, child with stranger, child alone and reunited with mother and stranger
- Four attachment styles develop from mothering styles
- Which are in relation child's temperament
- Child could have difficult or slow to warm up temperament (Thomas and Chess, 1977)
- Some mothers may struggle to provide secure attachment
- Child could have difficult or slow to warm up temperament (Thomas and Chess, 1977)
- Type A - insecure, anxious/avoidant
- Rejecting carer
- Child indifferent and comforted by stranger
- Rejecting carer
- Type B - secure
- Responsive carer
- Upset on separation but easily consoled
- Responsive carer
- Type C - insecure, anxious/resistant
- Inconsistent carer
- Upset on separation but resists comfort
- Inconsistent carer
- Type D - insecure/disorganised
- Inconsistent carer - may abuse child
- Unable to deal with stress and dazed, scared or confused on separation and reunion
- Inconsistent carer - may abuse child
- Which are in relation child's temperament
- Lab setting - different toys and room
- how similar is this to what the child would normally encounter
- Ainsworth (1970) - strange situation test
- Child
- Bowlby (1969)
- Innate basis to attachment
- Protection from predators
- Need for companionship
- Infants produce special behaviours that shape the behaviour of their carers
- Sucking
- Piaget (1952) - infants **** on objects even when they are not hungry
- Innate behaviour that inhibits baby's distress
- Piaget (1952) - infants **** on objects even when they are not hungry
- Cuddling
- Infants adjust their posture to mould themselves to parents' body
- Harlow (1974) - baby monkeys preferred to cling to the cloth surrogate
- Physical contact just as important as food and drink for attachment
- Looking
- Infant seeks eye to eye contact with parents
- Tronick et al. (1978) - infant turned away when mother didn't respond
- Infant seeks eye to eye contact with parents
- Smiling
- Visual stimuli elicit smiles initially
- At 3 months, specific faces that the baby is attached to will elicit smiles
- Visual stimuli elicit smiles initially
- Crying
- Babies cry when they are distressed
- Parent learns through negative reinforcementpick up the baby when it cries
- Useful means for the baby to obtain assistance
- Parent learns through negative reinforcementpick up the baby when it cries
- Babies cry when they are distressed
- Sucking
- Studies done in institutions with lack of stimulation and inconsistent carers
- Innate basis to attachment
- Bowlby (1969)
- Adult
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