12.3- Oxidative phosphorylation

?
  • Created by: Megan2413
  • Created on: 16-10-17 18:14
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Cristae of the mitochondria
1 of 21
What is the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation?
This is where electrons are transferred between different electron carriers, each at a lower energy level than the previous causing a release of energy at each stage as electrons travel down an energy gradient
2 of 21
What do the hydrogen ions produced during glycolysis and the krebs cycle combine with?
NAD and FAD
3 of 21
What does the combination of NAD/ FAD with electrons form?
Reduced NAD/ FAD
4 of 21
Where do the reduced NAD and FAD donate the electrons from the hydrogen ions to?
To the first molecule in the electron transfer chain
5 of 21
What reactions take place as the electrons pass through the electron transfer chain?
Oxidation-reduction
6 of 21
What is the energy released from the electron transfer chain used for?
The active transport of protons accross the inner mitochondrial membrane into the inter-membranal space
7 of 21
What happens to the protons then in the inter-membranal space?
They accumulate and then diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase channels embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
8 of 21
What happens at the last electron carrier?
The electrons combine with the protons which diffused through the ATP synthase with oxygen to form water
9 of 21
What is oxygen therefore?
The final electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain
10 of 21
What is this theory known as?
The chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation
11 of 21
When is ATP synthesised during this process?
As protons pass through the ATP synthase channel
12 of 21
Why is an electrons transfer chain needed instead of just donating all the energy at once when it's needed?
If all the energy was released in one step more of it would be released as heat energy rather than useful energy. A little energy at a time is more manageable and more of it can be used for useful processes
13 of 21
Before the respiration of lipids occurs- what are lipids first hydrolysed to?
Glycerol + Fatty acids
14 of 21
What then happens to the glycerol?
It is phosphorylated and converted to triose phsophate which enters the glycolysis pathway and then the krebs cycle
15 of 21
What happens to the fatty acid component?
It is broken down into 2-carbon fragments which are converted to acetyl coenzyme A which then enters the krebs cycle
16 of 21
Why do lipids release more than double the energy of the same mass of carbohydrate?
The oxidation of lipids produces 2-carbon fragments of carbohydrate and many hydrogen ions, which are then used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation
17 of 21
What is protein hydrolysed to before it is used for respiration?
Its constituent amino acids
18 of 21
What happens to the amino acids once they're separated?
Deamination- the amino group of each one is removed before entering the respiratory pathway depending on the number of carbon atoms they contain
19 of 21
What are 3-carbon compounds converted to from an amino acid?
Pyruvate
20 of 21
What are 4 and 5 carbon atoms converted to from an amino acid?
Intermediates in the krebs cycle
21 of 21

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

This is where electrons are transferred between different electron carriers, each at a lower energy level than the previous causing a release of energy at each stage as electrons travel down an energy gradient

Card 3

Front

What do the hydrogen ions produced during glycolysis and the krebs cycle combine with?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the combination of NAD/ FAD with electrons form?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where do the reduced NAD and FAD donate the electrons from the hydrogen ions to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

ATP
See all Biology resources »See all Respiration resources »