Biology Topic 7A Respiration
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- Created by: Ionahar
- Created on: 18-01-23 15:58
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 +6O2 = 6CO2 +6H2O + energy
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What is aerobic respiration?
This is where glucose is broken down to release energy, leaving Carbon dioxide and water as the waste products
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what is the is the use of the energy produced from splitting glucose?
It is to phosphorylate ADP into ATP
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Name the 4 stages of aerobic respiration?
1-Glycolysis
2-Link reaction
3-kerb cycle
4-oxidative phosphorylation
2-Link reaction
3-kerb cycle
4-oxidative phosphorylation
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Name the 2 stages glycolysis is divided into?
1-phosphorolation
2-oxidation
2-oxidation
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Explain what happens in phosphorylation in glycolysis ?
Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphate molecules from ATP,
making 2x triose phosphate and 2 ADP
making 2x triose phosphate and 2 ADP
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What happens in oxidation of glycolysis?
The triose phosphate is oxidised(removes hydrogen) by NAD, this causes
2 x pyruvate to be produced
2x reduced NAD (NADH)
2 x ATP
2 x pyruvate to be produced
2x reduced NAD (NADH)
2 x ATP
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Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm
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Where is the link reaction?
The matrix of the mitochondria
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What happens in the link reaction?
1-pyruvate is decarboxylated making Co2 a waste product
2-NAD collects hydrogen forming Reduced NAD
3-This turns pyruvate into acetate
4-the acetate is the joined with CO-enzyme A
5-Forming Acetyl CoA (2C)
2-NAD collects hydrogen forming Reduced NAD
3-This turns pyruvate into acetate
4-the acetate is the joined with CO-enzyme A
5-Forming Acetyl CoA (2C)
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How many times does the link reaction occur for 1 glucose?
twice as 2 pyruvates are formed
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What controls the reduction-oxidation reactions in the Matrix of the mitochondria?
Specific intercellular enzymes
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How many stages can the kerb cycle be divided into?
3
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what is the first stage of the kerb cycle?
Acetyl CoA from the link reaction combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate
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What happens to the Coenzyme A after citrate is formed?
It goes back to be used in Kerb cycle
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How many carbons does citrate have?
6
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What happens to citrate?
-It is decarboxylated removing 1 carbon
-It is reduced by NAD (losing 1 hydrogen)
-It is reduced by NAD (losing 1 hydrogen)
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What happens to the 5 carbon compound formed?
-It is decarboxylated forming 1 carbon compound
-It is dehydrogenated by NAD and FAD forming 2 NADH and 1 FADH
-ATP is formed
-It is dehydrogenated by NAD and FAD forming 2 NADH and 1 FADH
-ATP is formed
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What is the NADH and FADH used for?
To oxidative phosphorylation
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what is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
The process in which electrons are carried by NADH and FADH to make ATP
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What are the 2 processes in Oxidative Phosphorylation called?
-Electron transport chain
-Chemiosmosis
-Chemiosmosis
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Describe what happens in the electron transport chain before chemiosmosis?
1-NADH & FADH are oxidised releasing H+
2-the H+ is then split into and electron (e-) and a proton (H+)
3-The electrons then move down the electron transport chain
4-Realeasing Energy every time it goes along
2-the H+ is then split into and electron (e-) and a proton (H+)
3-The electrons then move down the electron transport chain
4-Realeasing Energy every time it goes along
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What makes up the electron transport chain?
Electron carriers
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What is the energy released along the electron chain used for?
It is used for pumping the protons through the spaces from the matrix of the mitochondria into the intermembrane space
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What is formed when the proton move into the intermembrane space?
An electrochemical gradient is formed
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What happens to the protons as a result of the electrochemical gradient?
They move down the ATP synthase
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What happens once they move down the ATP sythase?
It triggers the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP
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What is the movement down the ATP synthase called?
Chemiosmosis
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How is water formed?
The electrons and oxygen from the blood form water and the oxygen acts as an electron acceptor
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How many ATP's are made from one glucose?
38
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Describe the process of anaerobic respiration?
Glucose is converted to pyruvate, which is then reduced to form lactic acid
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why do we need the production of lactic acid in anaerobic respiration?
You need it, because it regenerates NAD allowing the production of glucose even when there isn't much oxygen around
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Name the 2 ways lactic acid is broken down?
-The cells can convert it back to pyruvate
-The liver cells change it into Glucose(to be stored)
-The liver cells change it into Glucose(to be stored)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is aerobic respiration?
Back
This is where glucose is broken down to release energy, leaving Carbon dioxide and water as the waste products
Card 3
Front
what is the is the use of the energy produced from splitting glucose?
Back
Card 4
Front
Name the 4 stages of aerobic respiration?
Back
Card 5
Front
Name the 2 stages glycolysis is divided into?
Back
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