1. what is research methods

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  • Created by: eviebrad
  • Created on: 16-02-23 14:07
what is research
a systematic attempt to find solutions to a problem or to answer a question
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what does research use
the scientific method
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what is the scientific method
highly structured, sequential series of steps for conducting a scientific research study
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5 steps of the scientific method
identify the question, formulate a hypothesis, develop a research plan, data collection, interpreting results and forming conclusions
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8 steps of the scientific method
understand the problem area, identifying the research question or problem, formulating one or more hypothesis, planning the methodology of the study, collecting the data, analysing the data with statistical tools, interpreting and discussing the results,
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conceptualisation of the scientific method as a cycle
question identified, hypothesis formed, research plan, data collected, results interpreted, new questions arise
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identifying a question
can be developed from theory, reasoned from other investigations, from professional practice, from personal experience
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theory of identifying a question
an explanation of observed regularities or more simply what is known in a particular domain
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what is the independent variable
predictor variable, part of the experiment manipulated by the experimenter
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what is the dependent variable
criterion variable the effect of the independent variable
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what is the research hypothesis
the anticipated outcome of a study or experiment, they are testable, either supported or refuted
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what are extraneous variables
cofounding variable, factors that could effect the relationship between independent and dependent variable but are not included or controlled
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what are control variables
usually try to control for all extraneous variables
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4 types of research
descriptive, experimental, qualitative, analytical
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descriptive research
cannot establish cause and effect, correlation not causation
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what is epidemiological research
descriptive research that can be used to establish cause and effect
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what is epidemiology
the study of distribution and determinants of health related status or events in populations, and the application of this study to the control health problems
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what is the criteria for conclusion
strength of association, consistency of association, dose-response relationship
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examples of descriptive research
surveys, questionnaires, interviews, correlation-relationships of variables, developmental studies, match/notation analysis
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scope of descriptive research
focusing upon the issue of what rather than why, not equipped to answer why but can answer who what where when
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experimental research
manipulating independent variables to study effect on dependent variables, control variables constant, finds why cause and effect
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what is internal validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatments used in the study
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external validity
the generalisability of the results of a study
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what is ecological validity
the extent to which the research emulates the real world
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quantitative research
investigation involving the collection of numerical data
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qualitative research
investigation involving the collection of non-numerical data
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examples of qualitative research
semi-structured interviews, focus groups, ethnography
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what is analytical research
evaluation of available information to explain complex phenomena
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examples of analytical research
narrative reviews and systematic reviews, possible with a meta-analysis
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what is a research paper
a reflection of the research process, represents both exploratory and demonstrative purposes, follows convention and certain structure
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structure of a journal
title, abstract, intro, methods, results, discussion, references
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what does research use

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the scientific method

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what is the scientific method

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Card 4

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5 steps of the scientific method

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Card 5

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8 steps of the scientific method

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