Coping

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Define coping? (Lazarus and Folkman)
Constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taking or exceeding the resources of the person.
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Draw the diagram for coping.
Stress Response = Demands of Situation > Coping Resources
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Give 3 examples of problem focused strategies?
Increased effort and resolving, analysing and planning, learning and improving
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Give 3 examples of emotion focused strategies?
Focusing on and venting of emotions, acceptance, emotional control strategies, seeking social support, and using anxiety as a stimulant.
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Coping strategies were proposed by ?
Lazarus and Folkman 1984
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What is approach coping. Give 3 examples of approach coping?
Address stressful situation directly. Emphasising the positive, thought control, realistic appraisals, positive reinterpretation and growth.
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What is avoidance coping? Give 3 examples of avoidance coping
Will avoid the problem, remove oneself from situ. 3 examples, cognitive distancing, ignoring, blocking things out, avoidance and isolation, detachment; denial and wishful thinking.
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Draw the conceptual framework (Anshel, Williams and Hodge, 1997)
--
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Giacobbi, Foore and Weinberg 2004 studied what?
Coping resources in golfing
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Give 4 examples of what they found was used?
Emotion focused coping, cognitive techniques, relaxation techniques, off-course efforts, golf course strategy, avoidance coping.
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Nicholls and Polman studied what?
Are coping resources dispositional or dynamic in nature?
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Define dispositional nature of coping
Individuals engage in learned/innate strategies that apply to every situation.
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Define dynamic nature of coping
Possess broad range of techniques, apply different strategies depending on the situation
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What did they find was mostly used in elite athletes?
Elite select different strategies to fit different situations.
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Nicholls et.al 2005 studied the dynamic nature of coping, describe the method of the experiment.
They studied coping strategies used by young elite golfers to manage stressors over 31 day period in competitive season - collected by diaries.
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Which coping strategies were used?
Blocking, increased concentration, technical adjustments.
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Nicholls and Polman (2007) studied if men and women exhibit different coping behaviours. What were the results?
Mixed research findings. Some research suggests men prefer problem focused coping and women prefer emotion focused coping and social support.
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Nicholls and Polman (2007) studied age differences in coping responses, what did they find?
Athletes cope better with stress as they get older.
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Why is this the case?
Children and adolescents have a smaller and less flexible coping repetoir.
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What is the implication from this study?
Teaching children different coping strategies may enable them to feel better prepared to cope.
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Nicholls and Polman studied coping strategies and Psychological Responses. What was more emotion focused coping associated with?
Greater cognitive anxiety, greater negative affect
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More avoidance coping ?
Greater cognitive anxiety
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More problem focused coping?
Greater positive effect.
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Eubank and Collins studied difference in coping strategies used by facilitators and debilitators?
See lectures.
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Nicholls and Polman said less effective coping can lead to?
Sport withdrawal, decreased performance, inability to pursue professional career
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What does this depend on?
Self-esteem and self-confidence, motivational orientation, previous performance.
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According to Nicholls and Polman, what 3 things determine effectiveness of coping response?
Automaticity of coping response, choice of coping strategy employed, level of perceived control over stressors
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What effect does automaticity of coping response have?
Athletes who report their coping to be more effective during competition rated their coping as more automatic
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What effect does choice of coping strategy have?
Positive self talk and thinking ahead vs negative self talk and thinking about irrelevant thing (facilitators and debilitators)
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Level of perceived control effect?
Problem focused coping (higher control), emotion focused coping (less perceived control)
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Pensgaard and Duda (2003) said placement at games was predicted by?
High coping effectiveness
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Satisfaction of performance predicted by?
Higher coping effectiveness, fewer dysfunctional emotions experienced
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Give 4 implications of practice so far?
Most unlikely single kind of coping appropriate for all, must recognise and eliminate maladaptive coping strategies, developing coping skills take time, some coping may be effective short term but maladaptive long term. social support important.
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Reeves, Nicholls and McKenna implemented coping effectiveness training. Participants?
5 male academy football players (13-14) reporting low coping SE and coping effectiveness
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Describe the method
Work-book exercises and focus on examples of successful coping. Use "do-review-learn-apply" model by kirk, 1987. 6 X 45-60 mins session
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Draw the diagram for coping.

Back

Stress Response = Demands of Situation > Coping Resources

Card 3

Front

Give 3 examples of problem focused strategies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give 3 examples of emotion focused strategies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Coping strategies were proposed by ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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