the civil war 1861-1865

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First Manassas

  • 22,000 men of the confederate army, led by Beauregard positioned in north virginia south of river at manassas
  • General Johnston commanded another army of 11,000 men in the Shenadoah valley
  • union general Mcdowell marched south with some 30,000 men on 16th july
  • his attack on the 21st came near to winning a decisive victory
  • Confederate forces fought bravely - Jacksons brigade that stood like a stonewall
  • when Johnstons troops arrived, union panicked and fled
  • Confederacy won the first major battle of the war
  • south suffered 2000 casualties and the union 3000
  • Confederacy didnt follow up on their victory- some argue they missed an oppurtunity to win the war
  • however couldnt because disorganised and short of supplies
  • mixed blessing the win- some overconfident but union more determined now

Shiloh

  • 1862- Grant with over 40,000 men encamped on the west back of the Tennessee river at Shiloh
  • 6 april johnston launched surprise attack
  • many union troops fled but enough stayed to ensure it wasnt a total victory
  • death of johnston in midst of battle - Beauregard took over
  • he argued that it was a total victory to Davis
  • 25,000 men from Buells army arrived to reinforce Grants army- next day confederacy was forced to retreat
  • rebels suffered 10,600 casualties and union 13,000
  • the union had turned back the rebel bid to regain initiative
  • Beauregard replaced with Bragg

The penisula Campaign

  • anxious to avoid a full frontal attack, Mclellan planned to attack Richmond up the penisula between the york and james rivers
  • april 1862, the army of potomac, 121,000 strong transported to Fortress Monroe
  • Mclellan waited for Davis to send men
  • confederates withdrew
  • his forces greatly outnumbered the confederates opposing him, but Mclellan, convinced he was outnumbered, waited reinforcements

The Shenadoah Valley

  • Mclellan never got his reinforcements because of stonewall jacksons shenadoah campagain
  • Jackson with 18,000 men was sent into

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