Surface Decoration

• natural dyes have been used for thousands of years using mineral pigments, indigos and vegetable dyes
• synthetic dyes were first introduced in the 19th century
• modern dyestuff uses chemicals in solution and requires a large amount of water
• dyeing causes pollution when wastewater is released into rivers
• textiles can be dyed at the fibre yarn, fabric or product stage of manufacture, for example;
  JAQUARD - patterned socks can use dyed yarns although plain socks can be dyed after manufacture. Socks are dyed in batches of 2000 in dye solution and fixer chemicals. They are then dried in a tumble drier
  OVERDYEING - is used on fabric from different fibre types to produce coloured effects. For instance, cotton in weft and cotton/acrylic in warp. Is dyed with direct dyes to give a speckled effect
  GARMENT - dyeing enables colours to be chosen late in manufacturing cycle. This is desireable and cost effective for manufacturers as colour decisions can be made close to selling season

COLOURFASTNESS:

• this is the resistance to colour loss during manufacture process and in use
• fastness depends on dyestuff anf fabric as…