Second order elections

Voting behaviour

• SO elections where main parties campaign less vigorously, and media not very enthusiastic. 
• Some voters see them as less important, use them as an opportunity to punish governing parties. 
• May choose not to vote or different party. 
• Normally low turnout., anti-gov swing, and high support for smaller parties. 

BY-ELECTIONS

Election held between elections to fill a seat that has become vacant. Long history of votality- many do not vote. Seen as opportunity to show dissatisfaction with the…