DEPRESSION

DEPRESSION ( COGNITIVE APPROACH )

The DSM-5 recognised the following categories of depressive disorders:

• Major depressive disorder: severe but often short-term depression.
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Childhood tantrums 
• Persistent depressive disorder: Long-term, reoccurring depression, including sustained major depression 
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Disruption of mood before and/or during menstruation 

BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS:

• Affected sleep and appetite.
• Self harm and agression.
• Shift in activity levels.

COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Irrational thoughts.
• Poor concerntration.
• Negative views on themselves and the world.

EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS:

• Sadness.
• Anger
• Loss of self-esteem.
• Loss of interests.

BECKS NEGATIVE TRIAD:

• Beck (1967) explains depression as a  vulnerability that can be caused by the person's cognition (the way they think) and their negative schemas.
• Beck suggested there were 3 parts to cognitive vulnerability:

-FAULTY INFORMATION PROCESSING-  When depressed the person tends to ignore the positives in their lives and only focus on the negatives.

-NEGATIVE SELF-SCHEMA-  A self-schema is the framework of information they have about themselves. When depressed, the person will have a negative self-schema, which means they interpret all of the information about or around themselves negatively.

-NEGATIVE TRIAD- Negative view of the self: I am worthless/ unimportant/ useless/ a waste of time,  Negative view of the world: Everyone is against me, Negative view of the future: I am never going to amount to anything.

A03

•  Cohen et al. (2019) -…