Apply it question on 2-process model- behavioural explanation to explaining phobias.

Sarah was in the park when she was younger and a dog bit her. Since then she has made an effort to avoid dogs and has a major fear of them. This has led to her becoming isolated and anxious out in public for the fear that dogs will harm her.

Describe and evaluate the two-process model for explaining phobias referring to Sarah's case in your answer.

(By the way, I have only made up this question in my head, this is very likely to come up within an exam as apply it questions are becoming more and more frequent so please try answering it in your own time- remember if you are AS it is 12 marks, A-level it is 16. It is important to plan and make sure you refer to the STEM in detail, do not just quote from it).

Associated dogs and fear as when she was younger she was bitten by one. Maintained this. 

Little Albert- Watson and Rayner.

Generalisation 

Positive reinforcement avoiding dogs, pleasant.

Neg reinforcement- near a dog, extreme anxiety, unpleasant.

A03

Good explanatory power- definite step forward from the concept of just CC that Watson and Rayner proposed. Explains avoidance as maintaining. Lead to successful treatments whereby avoidance is not possible. Includes, flooding- immediate expose to phobic stimulus. 

Systematic desensitisation- gradual build-up by creating an anxiety hierarchy. An application the therapy…