Unification of Italy

What do you need for a revolution to be successful?

- Popular support

- Common cause : Shared disatisfaction of current state

- A clear cause/ aim

- A leader : Dedicated to cause, authoritive, strong

- Communication

- Outside support

- Momentum

Naples - Why where there successes and failures?

WHY?

- Anger from the working class

- Excessive control by the church eg. books and newspapers

- Restrictions on personal freedom

SUCCESS                                                  FAILURES                                

- Mass support                                          - Crushed by Austrian army

- Clear cause for unity                               - Old order soon restored

- Significant leader                                    - Lack of support from revolutionaries

- Had momentum

- Limited King's power

Papal States revolution

WHY?

- Oppressive rule of the church eg. education and press

- Upset of professional classes

SUCCESS

- Provisional government set up

- Little resistance put up

FAILURE

- Metternich's violent and undisciplined troops moved in

Piedmont revolution

WHY?

-Reactionary rule

- Charles Albert fled from Turin

- Revolutionaries into exile

SUCCESS                                                             FAILURES

- Carbonari extended in numbers                       - Liberals turn to C A (not legit)

- Revolutionary gov. extablished                        - Appealed to Metternich

- Declared war on Austria                                   - Defeated libs 1821 B of Nevara

- VE I encouraged to abdicate

- Appointed new government

Modena and Parma revolutions

WHY?

- Educated students planned a revolt

- Francis betrayed D F IV

SUCCESS

- Revolutionaires take over Modena

- Provis. government set up

- Students encouraged to demand a const.

FAILURE

- Anyone against revolt imprisoned          - Parma occupied by Austrain troops

- Lack of organisation among revs.          - A army defeat revs. (Francis order)