1) Ultrasound waves are non-ionising and therefore, safer than x-rays.
2) X-rays are ionising. They can cause cancer if you're exposed to too high a dose. They are definitely not safe to use on developing babies.
3) CT scans use a lot more x-ray radiation than standard x-ray photographs, so the patient is exposed to even more ionising radiation. Generally CT scans aren't taken unless they are really needed because of the increased radiation dose.
4) Ultrasound images are typically fuzzy - which can make it harder to diagnsoe some conditions using these images.
5) X-ray photographs produce clear images of bones and metal, but not much else.
6) CT scans produce detailed images and can be used to diagnose complicated illnesses, as the high resolution images can make it easier to work out the problem. High quality 3D images can also be used in the planning of complicated surgery.
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