STUDIES OF CULTURAL VARIATIONS

KEY STUDY VAN LIZENDOORN

AIM: PROPORTIONS SECURE, INSECURE-AVOIDANT AND INSECURE-RESISTANT ACCROSS WORLD CULTURES

32 STUDIES ATTACHMENT - STRANGE SIUATION USED INVESTIGATE PROPORTION INFANT DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATTACHMENTS

32 STUDIES IN 8 COUNRIES 15 IN USA

OVERALL 1,9990 CHILDREN

DATA META-ANALYSED RESULTS BEING COMBINE AND WEIGHT FOR SAMPLE SIZE

WIDE VARIATION PROPORTIONS ATTACHMENT TYPES 

SECURE MOST COMMON = 75% GB  50% CHINA 

INSECURE RESISTANT = 3% GB 30% ISRAEL

INSECURE AVOIDANT COMMON GERMANY LESS COMMON JAPAN

FINDINGS WITHIN SAME COUNTRY 150% GREATER COMPARED BETWEEN COUNTRIES

USA 46% SECURLEY & ANOTHER 90%

AIM: PROPORTION BABIES DIFFERENT ATTACHMENT TYPES - MATCHES FOUND PREVIOUS STUDYS

PROCEDURE: 76 - 12MONTH OLD ASSESSED STRANGE SITUATION

FINDINGS: 50% SECURE 36% INSECURE AVOIDANT. LOWER RATE SECURE FINDINGS

RESEARCHES SUGGEST DUE MOTHERS WORKING LONG HOURS = USE CHILDCARE

CULUTRAL CHANGES AFFECT ATTACHMENTS

AIM: COMPARE PROPERTION ATTACHMENT TYPES

PROCEDURE: 87 CHILDREN STRANGE SITUATION

FINDNGS: MOST INFANTS SECURE. ONE INSECURE AVOIDANT REST INSECURE RESISTANT

CONCLUSION: SECURE ATTTACHMENT NORMAL SUPPORTING BOWLBY IDEA ATTACHMENT UNIVERSAL - CULTURE AFFECTS

VAN LJENDOORN - 2000 BABIES & PRIMARY ATTACHMENT FIGURES

INCREASE INTERNAL VALIDITY - REDUCING ANOMALOUS RESULTS CAUSED BAD METHADOLOGY / UNUSUAL PARTICIPANTS

LJENDOORN & KROONBERG CLAIMED CULTURAL VARIATION STUDIED COMPARISON COUNTRIES NOT CULTURE

WITHIN COUNTRY DIFFERENT CULTURES - DIFFERENT PRACTICES

COMPARISON BETWEEN COUNTRIES LITTLE MEANING

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS / STLYE MUST BE SPECIFIED

CROSS CULTURAL PYSCHOLOGY INCLUDES IDEA ETIC & EMIC

ETIC - CULTURAL UNIVERSALS

EMIC - CULTURAL UNIQUENESS

STRANGE SITUAION DESIGNED AMERICAN (AINSWORTH) BASED BRITISH THEORY (BOLWBY)

APPLY THEORY ONE CULTURE ANOTHER = IMPOSED ETIC