Struggle for National Reconstruction

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Presidential Reconstruction

  • Lincoln - 10% loyalty 
    • Repudiate secession 
    • Ratify 13th amendment 
    • Amnesty to ex confeds 
  • Johnson 
    • Allows Confeds to reform S. gov'ts
    • Ratification of 13th amend. 
    • Individual pardons 
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Congressional Reconstruction

  • Radical 
  • March 1865: Freedmen's Bureau
  • Civil Rights Act (1866)
    • Slaves = citizens, have full access to courts 
  • Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides 
  • 14th Amendment 
    • Federal Power 
    • 1866
  • Congressional Reconstruction Continued 
    • Reconst. Act of 1867 
      • Directs South into 5 military districts 
      • Governed by a Union general
    • More loyalty, guarantee right to vote to African-Americans, denying to ex-confeds. 
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Johnson's Impeachment

  • Disagreements with Congress 
  • Tenure year Office Act
  • the law forbidding the president to remove civil officers without senatorial consent.
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Election of 1868

  • R: Grants 
  • D: Seymour 
    • Grant wins landslide 
    • Republicans in Congress emboldened (Feb. 1869 - 15th Amendment)
      • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
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