Sport, Leisure & Tourism - SPORT

SPONSORSHIP 

Sponsorship is when a person or company give you money for whatever it is you do (usually sport) in exchange for advertising.

EXAMPLES OF SPONSORSHIP IN SPORT:

•  Usain Bolt is sponsored by Puma
• British Heptathlete Jessica Ennis is sponsored by several companies including Adidas
• The London 2012 Olympic games was sponsored by Cadbury and MacDonalds
• Warlingham Rugby Club is sponsored by Nike

Big sporting events were not only important for sport they were also important for politics. It meant that politicians could reach a wider audience of people and express their views to them. Politicians also used big sporting events as propaganda. 

1936 Olympic Games

The 1936 Olympic games were held in Berlin in Germany. It was just before World War 2 and when it was the rise of Nazi party in Germany. Adolf Hitler used this Olympic Games as propaganda. He presented Germany as a calm tolerant country which was far from the truth. 

The 1972 Olympic Games were held in Munich in Germany. It was victim of a huge terrorist attack.

It was early in the morning of 5th September 1972 when eight members of a Palestinian Terrorist group raided the accommodation of the Israeli athletics team and held them hostage. Two members of the Israeli athletics team were killed!

Terrorists usually target big sporting events because there is more people and it will have a bigger impact. For example, there is usually politicians at sporting events so their views will be heard, there is a much larger audience at sporting events so families and friends will lose people which has a huge impact and sporting stars/heroes could be killed which means people could lose family members, friends and idols which also has a huge impact. 

At first women were not allowed to take part in sport and sometimes even watch it. It was not until the late nineteenth or early twentieth century that women were allowed to participate in sport. Although women were allowed to participate in sport very few did.

The only sports women could play in the early twentieth century were lawn tennis and croquet. They could play team games like lacrosse and hockey.

Women could not play sport because they were seen as fragile, it could damage their organs (to make babies) and some sports were considered unladylike. Cycling was considered unladylike because it involved parting legs. 

Gertrude Ederle was the first woman to swim the English channel.

Transport had a real impact on sport. The railway boom in the nineteenth century linked major cities and towns and made it easier for people to attend sporting events. Better transport boosted spectator sport.

It saw 250,000 people watch Bolton Wanderers win the 1923 FA cup.

Sports grounds couldn't always control how many attended the fixtures.

Modern Transport in Sport

Transport still has a big affect on sport. At the 2012 Olympics there was extra trains put in place and special road lanes marked out that meant people could get there easier and quicker.

Media had a huge impact on sport, it was also positive and negative.

It was positive because it meant sport could be seen by a larger audience and it gave sport stars a bigger profile.

It was negative because because it meant less people would attend the sporting fixtures.

Television in Sport

Up until the 1930's television did not play any part in sport. Sport was first shown on television in 1939 as a baseball match. Many say television got off the ground because of sport.

David Beckham - An English footballer who has played for a number of top name teams such as Real Madrid, Manchester United and Milan. He surpassed Bobby Moore's total of 108 caps in 2009.

Len Hutton - Was an English test cricketer and played around the Second World War. In 1938, he set a record for the highest number of individual innings in a single Test match against Australia. In 1952, he became the first ever cricketer to captain England in a Test match. He was knighted by the queen in 1956 and he was considered the best batsman in the UK.

Gareth Edwards - Was a Welsh Rugby Union scrum-half. He won 53 caps for Wales. He scored 20 tries in international matches. He never dipped in form or had an injury allowing anybody to take his place. He was the youngest ever captain of the Welsh rugby team and was considered the "best ever player". He also won an MBE for his role in sport. 

Mary Rand - Was a track-and-filed athlete. She won the gold medal in the 1964 Olympics whilst breaking a world record. She was the first ever female British athlete to win an Olympic gold medal.

Tanni Grey Thompson - Is a paralympic athlete and a TV presenter. She was born with spina bifida and had to use a wheelchair. In her Paralympic career, she won 16 medals. She also won 13 medals at the World Championships. She also does lots of charity work.

Kelly Holmes - Is a middle distant runner who won gold in both the 800m and 1500m events at the 2004 Olympics. She set and still holds British records for 600m, 800m, 1000m and 1500m events.

Nicole Cooke - Is a cyclist who has won gold in at least seven major competitions and won gold at the 2008 Olympics and several medal at world championships.

The reason that old sporting facilities are being replaced by new modern facilities is for a number of reasons.

• To encourage people to play more sport, especially the next generation.
• People have more leisure time
• Now you get professionals in sport
• In modern facilities they assist people who get injured 
• Most towns have leisure centers to promote healthy living 

Professionals are called Players 

Amateurs are called Gentlemen

Mainly in cricket!!

Would have Amateurs playing Professionals to increase amount of people watching sport. Amateur organizers disliked professional players and events strictly for amateurs stood for fair play and sportsmanship.

Sports that showed differences were:

• Royal Ascot
• Wimbledon

Rich

• Rich people had the luxury of enclosures and stands.
• They had places to sit
• Were in most desirable areas
• Had good views of sport

Poor

• Were segregated and in less favorable areas
• Usually no seats
• Had bad views of sport

An example of this is at horse racing the rich would be near the finish line and the poor would be near the stables.