Sociology theories

1963. 

research by Bandura with nursery school children suggested there was a link between media exposure and violence

2001

studies of comparing non-offending young people with offending young people, found that offending young people were less exposed to violence, which disagrees with all other hypotheses.

 suggests that the causes of violence are more likely to be found in poverty, unemployment etc

society is based on conflicting interest between different groups.

owners of newspapers are part of a powerful and wealthy minority group

there has been an increase concentration of press ownership in the hands of a few companies and individulas- small companies have been taken over by media giants such as rupert murdoch

globalisation of these companies. 

conglomerates (small number of huge companies) have interests in the media all over the world. a large proportion of what we see and hear comes from small group of companies

a range of plurality of views exists in society and they believe that no group dominates.

Pluralism supports the freedom of the press and uses this evidence to support its beliefs.

1994.

saw news reporting inthe 1970s as hiding the real issue which was the problem of racism in the UK. In the 1980s the black people were cri8minalised and seen to be more prone to crime, 

this was distorted media coverage and defined black people as a threat to society values

1996.

believs that since 1990s there has been a change in racial representation and now there are more black actors playing ordinary parts and characters rather than black stereotypes.

the Cosby Show in the US is significant as it has an all-black cast who are presented as upper middle class

the decoding approach- we decode messages from tv and there are several ways to interpret these messages. we have filters such as age gender ethnicity and class which all play a role in how we decode the information we recieve though the media 

1990.

carried out a study of the represenbtation of women for the broadcasting standards found that 2/3 people in adverts were men.

women were shown as young and blonde

1980.

the media have been involved in the creation if the morl panics- which is where a group becomes defined as a threat to society values- this group is represented as a stereotype and as a folk devil

1987.

gratifications approach. 

believed that needs that were satisfied were 

information-  news, documentaries/learning new skills

personal relationships-  watching tv as a substitue for a social life or for companionship or as a source of conversation with friiends

entertainment- to pass time or escape