Psychology Unit 1

Multi-Store Model.

SM--Attention-->STM--Rehearsal-->LTM

       (Decay)                             (Failure to Retrieve)

Working Memory model.

                                                 Central Executive

 Visuo-Spatial Scratchpad           Episodic Buffer               Phological loop

                                                    (Rehearsal)

                                                Long Term Memory

Loftus and Palmer - Leading Questions(Car crash)

Loftus - Weapon Focus/Anxiety(Knife/pen)

Valentine and Coxon - Age(Elderly and Children leading Q's)

Context

Order

Perspective

Environment

Method of Loci

First Letter Mnemonics

Classical conditioning:

CS=CR

CS+US=CR

US=CR

Operant Conditioning:

Positive/Negative reinforcement

-Monotropy

-Critical Period

-Safe base for exploration

-Template for future relationships

Secure - Slight distress upon seperation, relief upon return of mother

Insecure-avoidant - Little interest when seperated and reunited

Insecre-resistant - Intense distress upon seperation, seek and reject upon return

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

-Mainly secure Everywhere

-More insecure-avoidant in west Germany

-More Insecure-resistant in Japan

Protest-Despair-Detachment

Three stages when disruption of attachment occurs.

44 Juvenile thieves

-Affectionless psychopaths

Genie.

Positive - Shea

Negative - Belsky and Rovine

-Staff training

-Toys/Activities

-Space

-Good ratio of staff to children

-Minimal staff turnover

-Laboratory

-Field

-Natural

-Self-report(Questionnaires and interviews)

-Correlation

-Observation

-Case Study

+) Lots of rich detailed data.

-) Results cannot be generalised, every case study is different.

Matched Pairs - similar people in each

Independent groups - Random into each group

Repeated measures - same group multiple times

Counter balancing - One half of the group does one experiment, then they swap

Random

Volunteers*

Opportunity

Directional - Listening to music will make you fall asleep faster

Non-directional - Listening to music will have an effect on how fast you fall asleep

Stating that the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable.

A small scale run of the experiment to highlight issues and make sure participants understand their role.

Where the presence of the experimenter affects the results i.e encouraging PP's to give a correct answer

Deception - Debrief

Informed consent - Right to withdraw

Protection from harm - confidentiality

Numbers. Graphs, tables and charts.

Measures of central tendancy = Averages

Words. Interview and questionnaires.

Range(Highest and Lowest)

Standard deviation(All data)

Perfect = 1      (Strong Correlation)

Negative = -1  (Strong Correlation)

Nothing = 0     (No Correlation)