PPD cards

1) what are ethical theories

2) what is utilitarianism? (act and rule)

3) what did it develop from?

4) what are 2 advantages of utilitarianism?

5) what are some disadvantages of utilitarianism? (3)

6) what is dentology?

7) what does absolute mean?

1) The foundations of ethical analysis because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision

2)'the greatest good for the greatest number', single principle with one outcome     act- act to maximise consequences at all times, rule- use principle to produce general rules that they follow

3)consequentialism

4)single principle that deals with appropriateness of other principles eg always telling the truth, principle of equality

5) demand too much, treat well being of others as equally as family members, small increase in pleasure for the majority (no account for minority)

6) rule based, solve problems by starting with the end in mind

7)absolute=cannot be broken

1) what is the viture theory? ( what does it concentrate on)

2)what are the advantages of it? (2)

3) what are the disadvantages of it?(2)

4) name the 4 moral principles?

5) describe each one

1)  judges a person by his character rather than by an action that may deviate from his normal behavior. takes the person's morals, reputation and motivation into account when rating an unusual and irregular behavior

2) more personal, supports actions done by friends, more adaptive

3) not helpful to resolve moral conflicts, no universally agreed list of vitues

4) respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice

5) autonomy= respect for the individuals ability to make their own informed decisions. actions that enhance autonomy are seen as desirable. 2 elements

liberty(free from external control and influence), agency(capacity for independent)

beneficence= activities which are intended to benifit the patient ie doing good

non-maleficence= activities which avoid doing harm  

justice= all patients should receive fair,equitable treatment 

1) what is confidentiality?

2) what are the 5 reasons why confidentiality is important?

3) when can you breach confidentiality?

4) what is the GMC?

1) ethical requirement based on trust that enables patients to be open with doctors about their symptoms and problems and to enable them to undergo a physical examinaion

2) respect for patients autonomy, implied promise (expected), virtue ethics (not virtuous to breach confidentiality), consequentialism (pt may no longer trust doctor),human rights (human rights act 1998)

3) with patients consent, within healthcare teams, in patients best interest, public's interest eg driving, statutory bodies eg judge

4) protect, promote and maintain health and safety of public by ensuring standards in the practice of medicine. (registers, set out guidelines for training, lay out fitness to practice and deal firmly with doctors whose fitness to practice is in doubt 

1) what is the role of a pharmacist? 

2) what is the role of a practice nurse?

3) what is the role of a practice manager?

4) what is the role of a gastroenterologist?

5) describe the historical change in the 1st point of contact

6) what is a health advocate?

1) distribute drugs that have been prescribed by a prescriber to patients. Advise patients on how to use medication etc. Pharmacists monitor the health and progress of patients to ensure the safe and effective use of medication, also educate and promote good health to the population

2) work in GPs as part of the primary healthcare team, involved in most patient care, deal with issues such as family planning, vaccination programmes, smoking susation, health screening such as blood pressure

3) business side of healthcare, recruit staff, liase with professionals, assess quality of services etc

4) diagnose and treat any disorder in GI tract, order blood tests, x rays, endoscope tests, assist surgeon in finding problem area, lead clinics etc

5) 1st point of contact= 1st medical professional that you see. 

quacks- untrained, used the power of placebo effect->19th century rise of GP-> pharmacists for over the counter medicine

6) someone who represents and campaigns for the health requirements of a person/group of people