Organic Compounds

—> consist of carbon and hydrogen

—> e.g. butane, methane, ethane

—> contains carbon

—> found in living organisms and everyday products

—> have different families - homologous series

—> all members of the homologous series have the same functional group
—> Functional group : group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a substance.

—> homologous series :

• alkanes
• alkenes
• alcohols
• halogenoalkanes

Side chains : (no. of carbons : formula : name)

—> 1 = CH3 = Methyl
—> 2 = C2H5 = Ethyl
—> 3 = C3H7 = Propyl
—> 4 = C4H9 = Butyl
—> 5 = C5H11 = Pentyl
—> 6 = C6H13 = Hexyl
—> 7 = C7H15 = Heptyl
—> 8 = C8H17 = Octyl
—> 9 = C9H19 = Nonyl
—> 10 = C10H21 = Decyl

(formula : name)

—> I = Iodo
—> F = Fluoro
—> Br = Bromo
—> Chloro

Longest Carbon chain : (no. of carbons : formula : name)

—> 1 = CH4 = Methane
—> 2 = C2H6 = Ethane
—> 3 = C3H8 = Propane
—> 4 = C4H10 = Butane
—> 5 = C5H12 = Pentane
—> 6 = C6H14 = Hexane
—> 7 = C7H16 = Heptane
—> 8 = C8H18 = Octane
—> 9 = C9H20 = Nonane
—> 10 = C10H22 = Decane
—> 11 = C11H24 = Undecane

Main functional group : -ane (functional group : formula : prefix : suffix)

—> Alcohol = —OH = Hydroxy- = -ol

—> Aldehyde = —CHO = / = -al

—> Alkane = C—C = / = -ane

—> Alkene = C==C = / = -ene

—> Carboxylic acid = —COOH = / = -oic acid

—> Ester = —COO— = / = -oate

—> Haloalkane = —F, —CI, —Br, —I = Fluoro-, Chloro-, Bromo-, Iodo- = /

—> Ketone = C—CO—C = / = -one

—> Hydrocarbons : contain carbon & hydrogen only

—> Saturated compounds : contains single bonds only

—> General formula : CnH2n+2

—> Straight chain alkanes

• 3 Carbons in a row = Propane

—> Branched chain alkanes

• 3 Carbons in a row & an alkyl group attached to Carbon no.2 = 2-methylpropane