Notes for edexcel A2 geography exam

intro - define hazard, response, mitigation

         response spectrum

         case studies

         key factors

Methodology -> case study jusification, reliability, credibility, bias

Analysis -> human factors (development, scientific understanding)

                  Physical factors (location, type of hazard)

                  include sub conclusions

Conclusion -> physical factors less harmful on own, human exaccerbate

                        development level less significant post disaster -> NGO's help

• define tectonic hazard (UNISDR,09)
• different types of hazards caused by earths movement
• reponse 'way people respond to a problem or change' (Adam & Holmes,09)
• vulnerable population
• 3 approaches (Dunn et al,09)
• response spectrum
• different factors
• examples/case studies

USGS -> reliable, world renowned academics, constantly updated

BBC, Guardian, Times -> likely to sensationalise information, neutral source

Economist -> written by experts, detailed 

ALNAP -> humaitarian website. no vested interest

Haitis killer earthquake documentary -> detailed account, includes reports from top academics

geography websites -> not sure where information was sourced from, written by geographers, highly relevant

Berkley university -> highly regarded university, detailed report

location

• 2005 kashmir earthquake -> 7.6
• 30% deaths from landslides
• mountaineous region, isolated, harsh
• response hard -> hindered, can't reach people
• increased deaths

Type of hazard

• level of preparation -> tsunamis and volcanoes can, eqs can't
• can predict tsunamis -> people constantly monitoring plate movements, undersea means more than likely to cause tsunami
• volcanoes give of gases, can be monitored
• Montserrat eruption -> 120000 people evacuated
• Nevado Del Ruiz armero tragedy

pysical factors own not a problem -> human exaccerbate

development after disaster less impact -> NGO's and other countries donate, media coverage = people aware

link to case studies

money to invest in tech = mitigation = less vulnerable