Key issues from all 5 AS approaches and 3 A2 approaches

+ Loftus & Pamler 1974 study - "smashed" question lead to a faster estimate of speed than "contacted"

- Yuille & Cutshall 1986 study - leading questions did not affect the memory of real-life witnesses

-Weapon focus: a witness to a crime diverting his or her attention to the weapon the perpetrator is holding, thus leaving less attention for other details in the scene 

Agentic state: people don't feel personally responsible for their actions

Autonomous state: people feel personally responsible for their actions

+ Milgram 1963 study

+ Hofling 1966 study

+ Tajfel 1971 study - boys showed in-group favouritism even when groups were randomly formed

- Hard to measure obedience in a valid way

+ Hobbs & Holt 1976 study 

- Rice et al 1990 study

- Social control issue: may be run for the benefit of the people in charge of the hospital

- May not be generalisable to behaviour outside of the hospital

+ Little Hans study - dreams of playing with dolls represented identifying with his father

- Biological approach: reorganisational theory - dreams are a random by-product of the brain sorting through the day's thoughts

- Recurring dreams? Can't be "sorting through" since information keeps coming back?

- Freud: a dream is a fulfillment of a wish

- Nightmares? Cannot be someone's wish to be frightened?

Dreamwork: the process of converting latent content into manifest content

+ Male brains grow more quickly and are heavier than girls - autistic brains grow quicker and are even heavier

+ Males develop language slower - autistic people develop language even slower

+ 3/4 of autistic people are male

A childhood disorder - affects the ability to build relationships