Images - Lecture 1

Is the main source of the annual flooding of the Nile, which allows for the cultivation of crops.

This occurs during June to September of the year.

Originates at lake Tana in Northern Ethopia

In Bard, it states that Daniel Eugene Stanley (geologist) researched this and found the blue Nile provided water to the Nile Delta from Ethiopia by recognising similar silts in both areas

Elephantine island

Used to measure floods and to prepare for future floods e.g. there was little flooding they would know to save crops.

Crops were often centrally planned

Dynasty XIX (19)

Quirke - 'The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table, is a list of the names of seventy-six kings of Ancient Egypt, found on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt.

It consists of three rows of thirty-eight cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) in each row. This list omits the names of many earlier pharaohs...'

Bard - 'Egyptians dated significant events in terms of the years since the last King's accession. Each king = new beginning practically as well as philosophically.'

Coregencies - son would sometimes rule with father King. Bard - '12th dynasty - regents used separate regnal dates, leading to overlap ('double dates'), not present in New Kingdom.'

Dynasty XIX

Bard - Turin Canon (13th Cent. BC) = most informative list, reaches back to Menes & supports Manetho (break at end of 5th dynasty)

Bard - 'Egyptians dated significant events in terms of the years since the last King's accession. Each king = new beginning practically as well as philosophically.'

Coregencies - son would sometimes rule with father King. Bard - '12th dynasty - regents used separate regnal dates, leading to overlap ('double dates'), not present in New Kingdom.'

Bard - 'King-lists concerned with ancestor worship as a combination of the general and individual (e.g. living King regarded as synonymous with falcon-god Horus).'

Temple of Karnak,

Dynasty XVIII (18)

Roehrig et. al - Annals made out of limestone blocks at Karnak. Temple depicts his continuous military campaigns through regnal year 22 (1458BC) to year 42 (1438BC)

Roehrig et. al - originally decorated by Hapshetsut - had been chiselling/works on her figure but not completed. Barque shrine appears to be of regnal year 45. Images erased but added by son Amenhotep II.

Shows how Egyptian tried to get rid of Kings they did not like. Names thought to be a requirement to live on - killing them again.

Dynasty VI (6)

Bard - Palermo Stone (5th-Dynasty basalt stelae) - notes annals of Lower Egyptian Kings. Mythological rulers to Horus to human Menes to 5th dynasty.

Bard - Horizontal registers divided by vertical lines - indicates events in individual years in each King's reign.

Dynasty XVIII

This list is valuable as it contains the names of kings of the First and Second Intermediate Periods, which are omitted in most other king lists

The list comprises three sections and is divided at the center.

Only fragments remain.

Dynasty XIX (19)

58 Kings from Ramesside period

Verbrugghe and Wickersham - omitting "rulers from the second intermediate period, the Hyskos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten"

Found at tomb at el-Kab.

Dynasty XVIII (18)

Talks about Nubian campaigns

Lichtheim - The three tomb inscriptions in this section are major representatives of their kind. The Autobiography of Ahmose son of Abana continues the traditional genre of tomb autobiography. Its special interest is historical, for it furnishes the principal account of the expulsion of the Hyksos. It is a wholly martial autobiography that describes the actions and career of a soldier. As such it is a rarity among Egyptian autobiographies, for most of them came from members of the civilian bureaucracy.

Example of grafitti

Dynasty XII (12)

Diffeent type of source to written/other archaeological

Pre dynastic period

Orders similar artefacts to their timeperiod and into a timeline - shows how fashion changed over time.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology :-

'A method developed by Sir Flinders Petrie to provide a relative chronology for predynastic Egyptian ceramics but later applied more widely. The basic idea was to create a sequence of pottery types based on a typology of form correlated with stratigraphic relationships. Stages in the sequence were assigned numbers, ‘sequence dates’, so that when similar pottery was found at another site it could be correlated with the sequence and assigned a sequence date.'