ICT Unit 2: Solving Problems With ICT

A check to ensure the data is reasonable or allowable.

Learn all validation checks:

¾ Data type check – checking the correct item of data is entered in a field. For example, wages is currency.

¾ Presence check – checking that data has been entered in a cell. For example, title or gender must have an answer.

¾ Check digit – self-calculating check to ensure large numbers are entered correctly.

¾ Format check – checking data is in the correct style. For example, date of birth needs to be in dd/mm/yyyy.

¾ Range check – checking the data fits between two values. Identify the problem, explain how it could have happened, what check (range), and then specify the appropriate range.

Disclosing Information

• Do not give personal details
•  People may not be who they say they are
•  They could be people that want to harm you
•  Do not meet

Misuse of Images

•  You could be identified from a picture alone
•  Image could be altered
•  Image might be passed on or posted onto inappropriate websites

Inappropriate Language

• No swearing
•  No offensive phrases
•  No lies about others
•  No cyberbullying
•  Ensure material can be read by anyone

~Read the question

~Look at the context

 -School

-Home

• Light
•   Movement
•  Pressure
•  Temperature
•  pH
• Sound
• PIR
• Smoke
•  Make/break sensor (used in alarms)

IT systems that allow organisations to store and utilise large amounts of data.

SEN –Special Educational Needs

Behavioural Management

Timetable

 Assessment

Examinations – what exams you are entered for, what you have or haven’t done, target grades.

They want to know how the data is captured.

•   Paper based systems – simple, but can be changed and forged.
• Computer based systems real time processing – simple, easy to use, but hacking and loosing data can occur.
• Swipe cards / Smart Cards real time processing – fast, need no manual labour but can be misplaced, people can steal them, expensive
• OMR – Optical Mark Reader – very fast, faster and more accurate than paper based systems but records can be lost, mistakes can be made, not very fast
•  Biometrics – finger print scanning or thumb print scanning or retina scan – cannot be forged, but is expensive

Often used when data needs to be collected in remote or inhospitable conditions.

The Advantages of manual methods are:

•  Readings can be much more accurate
•  Data can be logged at any time – no need for manual input
•  Humans no longer have to do boring, time consuming, repetitive work.

Logging Interval (AKA Logging Period) – total period of logging.

Frequency of logging – The time interval between logging (between measurements).

Purposes of logging:

• Collecting scientific data
• Monitoring hospital patients
• Monitoring air quality
• Collecting weather data

These could be:

• Apps – french app to translate.
•  Tablets –use on a geography field trip as a map and a camera.
•  Smart Devices – use in P.E lesson to take heart rate.
•  Augmented Reality Glasses – in ICT you could use them in a game.
• Podcasts – use in revision to learn in an auditory way.

Satellites

A satellite sends data signals between different continents.

What do you need to connect to the internet?

A modem (modulator - demodulator).

Dial up Modem

Disadvantages:

• It was very slow.
•  You could not use the phone at the same time.

Broadband Modem

Is better because:

• Can use the phone at the same time.
•  Download files at high speeds.
•  You can watch TV programs.
•     You can listen to the radio.

Wireless

Sometimes called Wi-Fi. Use a router to allow multiple devices to connect.

Advantages

•   You don’t have to plug in any cables (clearer work area & much safer as you don’t trip up).
•  You can work anywhere there is a wireless connection.
•  Less cost – you don’t have to put wires in.

Disadvantages

• It is much easier to hack a wireless network.
• Lack of signal in some areas.

Bluetooth and GIS (Geographical Information System)

Bluetooth is a way of sharing files over short distances.

GIS is a use of geographical data – capturing, managing, managing or displaying data.

A database is an electronic way of storing information.

Advantages

• Less likely to lose data.
•  More accurate because of validation checks.

Operator

Meaning

Example of use

=

Equals

Surname = ’Jones’ Lists all the people who have the surname Jones.

<> 

Is not equal to

Code <> 3 would list all of the codes other than code 3.

> 

Greater than

Qty > 20 lists the details where the field Qty is over 20.

< 

Less than

Age < 18 lists all the details where the age is less than 18.

>=

Greater than or equal to

Price >= 20 lists all the details where the price is greater than or equal to 20.

<=

Less than or equal to

Date <= 01/12/10 means the date must be on or before 01/12/10.

AND

Where the data is only listed where both the conditions are true

Surname = ‘Jones’ AND Age < 16 would show the details where the surname is Jones and the age  is less that 16.

OR

Where the data is only listed where either or both conditions are true.

Surname = ‘Jones’ OR Age < 16 would show the details where the surname is Jones, or the age is 16, or both.

LIKE

Where a perfect match is not needed – perfect and close matches are listed

Like Surname = Jon will list the surnames starting with the letters Jon.

Sorts on a Database

A Key Field is a unique identifier or value.