How did Mussolini attempt to transform the Italian character and Italian society: PROPAGANDA?

PROPAGANDA

First bit of P.R.E.C.E.P.T.

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Propaganda: Newspapers.

  • 1923: prefects responsible for censorship.
  • 1926: opposition papers supressed. Grants given to favourite papers and journalists.
  • Crime, disasters, unemployment and disorders forbidden from being reported.
  • Facsist party papers unpopular: more concerned with content of papers.
  • More people read newpapers.
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Propaganda: Radio.

  • 1924: radio rapidly expanded, state controlled content.
  • 2hrs of broadcast per day.
  • Major speeches broadcast live.
  • Radio owners increased.
  • Broadcasts increased in 1930s: accessed the illiterate.
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Propaganda: cinema.

  • Newsreel shown before film.
  • Only few films openly Fascist: few explicitly propaganda films, as people uninterested.
  • False sense of security/ national pride.
  • All imported films censored.
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Propaganda: Culture.

Art.

  • Paintings to show national pride.
  • Architecture changed from Renaissance to Ancient Rome.
  • Art sold to other countries to increase national prestige.

Literature and Drama.

  • National Fascist Culture Institute established 1926: spread culture.
  • No great Fascist Literature written: less attention paid.
  • People only took part to further their own careers.

Philosophy and intellectual ideas.

  • Manifesto outlining what Fascism was and what it did for the people.
  • 1929-1938: Encyclopedia Italiana: showed culture etcetera.
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Propaganda: mass activities.

Rallies.

  • Used to indoctrinate the public.
  • Participants felt a sense of belonging.
  • Imitated Stalin's ideas.

Sport.

  • Disciplined and more socialised.
  • Commitment to Fascist regime.
  • New stadiums built.
  • Improved national teams: wanted them to win to give a sense of national pride.
  • Encouraged people to take up a sport.
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