History- Germany- Economic

1850-1871

• 1850's industrial revolution
• Banking system
• Trade and export expansion
• New technologies

1873-1890

• Economic crisis- depression- peak of expansion

1890-1914

• Second industrial revolution
• New industries
• Cartelisation and Conglomerates
• Caprivi treaties
• Position in Europe

• Lacked key requirements
• Scientists
• Government established agencies

• War Debt
• Trade destroyed
• Territorial losses
• Dawes plan
• Hyperinflation and Rufr invasion by France

1924

• Renewal
• Investment
• New techniques-assembly lines
• Efficiency

1929

• Great Depression, TAFIE, Nazi's gain support
• Unemployment increases
• Starvation and poverty

• Erhard (1948-1962) minister of economics
• Impressive economic growth
• Korean war
• Housing, construction, Cars
• Cooperation unions and codetermination 1951
• 3.6 million East Germans to work
• 1960's growth slowed

• Loss of men and horses
• Benefitted from Hyperinflation-pay off mortgage
• No investment in technique and technology for agriculture
• Taxes 5X than Weimar
• Subsidies and protectionist policies (Prussian landholders)
• Supported Nazi's, Osthlife programme failed

• Mythologised- self sufficiency
• Investments in industry more important
• 1m left rural Gemany 1933-1938

Post WWI

• WG ended up with few farms
• maintained strong political influence
• 1955 agrarian act
• Labour decrease while farm size increase, better techniques
• Importance declines

• 1873 economy crash. Reliant on imports
• 1876 Central Association of Geman industrialists pressure on Bismarck
• National liberals committed to free trade
• Bismarck successfully campaignes against NL
• Short term advancements by protectionist policies

Navy 1898-1914

• Personal desires
• Widespread enthusiasm, represent nationalist hopes (not ruled by Prussian Elite)
• Transvaal conflict Boers 1896 relationship with Britain tested
• Alfred von Tirpitz Navy League press campaign
• 1914 navy X2, diplomatic isolation

• Purposfully vague on policy
• Schacht Reichsbank, made investments
• Mefo Bills
• Rearmament, disguise programes for commercial
• Schacht new plan made south east reliant on Germany

Four year plan

• Goering
• Schacht resigns, too much rearmament and not enough consumer products
• Self sufficiency
• Economic policy by 1939 failing

• Initial victories made economic burden bareable
• Hitler's confusing and overlapping governing style
• Todt minister of Armaments and Munitions
• Speer replaces Todt
• Efficiency and production by 1944 increases
• Goebbles more extreme
• Only temporary policies, unemployment solved by rearmament. Couldn't go on forever

Marshall Aid

• USSR wants reparations. USA troops remain
• Benefits to USA for Marshall plan
• Economy was already beginning to emerge, impact of aid
• Political impact
• Division clear

• Adenauer chancellor
• Unification with EG hard if WG formed economic organisation. 1951 ECSC
• Treaty of Rome establish EEC
• EEC dependant on WG, increased influence
• Common Agricultural Policy
• Expensive, overproduction and waste