Graphics - notes on Chapter 5

• simplest form of electronic communication 

ADVANTAGES

• QUICK,EASY and CONVENIENT- around the world
• WIDESPREAD - used by anoyone connected to the internet
• ATTACHMENTS - saved and edited easily
• helps people KEEP IN TOUCH regularly

DISADVANTAGES

• IMPERSONAL- messages can be misinterpreted
• SPAMMING - inappropriate material
• PRIVACY and SECURITY ISSUES - messages intercepted
• LIMITED attachment sizes

ADVANTAGES:  -> TO MANUFACTURERES AND RETAILERS

-> TO THE CONSUMER

DISADVANTAGES:

• PERSONAL INFORMATION shared and PERSONAL BANK DETAILS 
• VIRUSES 
• ACCESS to inappropriate material
• spread of JUNK MAIL and threat of COMPUTER VIRUSES 

USE OF BARCODES:

electronically identified using UNIQUE BARCODE

NUMBERS SHOW:

1st two numbers: where product was made

next 5 digits: brands owners number

next 5 digits: specific to type of product 

last digit: check digit - rest of the barcode scanned correctly 

THE PRICE is not contained in the barcode - the scanner transmits the code to an instore computer - relays product information and price check back to checkout. it is then displayed electronically and then printed. computer then deducts the product from the stock list 

ADVANTAGES:

provides manufactureres with: 

• a full and immediate account of sales 
• data can be input onto spreadsheets
• performance of all product lines is monitored - act fast to demand 
• sufficient stock is available to meet customer needs
• accurate info on customer stock trends 

STAGES:

product manufactured at factory 

product arrives at delivery depot

product delivered to store

selected item from shelf 

barcode information relayed to the store computer

product description and price displayed at checkout 

till receipt printed

deduction of product from purchased stock list

product re ordered when needed

order recieved by manufacturer 

HDTV - High definition television

components - Monitor, HD satalite reciever, satalite dish. cables 

ADVANTAGES

higher ASPECT RATIO- 16:9 so looks like a movie screen compared to the TV 4:3

better RESOLUTION- ten times as many pixels as an SDTV 

higher DEFINITION - better quality image 

higher FRAME RATE - displays 60 frames a second , SDTV 24-60 frames a second - therefore better quality picture

DISADVANTAGE:

COST 

3 types:

Print-on-demand

small amounts of printing to be done 

short print runs of books 

large banners and posters

Variable Data Printing 

customised and personalised 

databases contain specific info 

Web-To-Print 

personalised online - images, photographs see version then print - quick turn around 

how it differs from offset lithography etc: 

every print can be different 

less wasted paper and printing ink 

dries quicker - ink lies on top not absorbed 

not top quality 

WHAT IS IT?

A wireless system connecting devices together and exchanging data.

can connect to 8 devices

DISADVANTAGE: SECURITY 

BLUEJACKING- 

business card sent to other bluetooth users allow contact to be saved to address book =- they are then able to open the messages automatically

BLUEBUGGING- 

hackers can access the phone and use its features - calling, texting etc without the user realising.

to overcome: range of security systems - special authorisation and identification procedures 

able to identify products from tags 

the tags store the data retrieved by an electronic reader.

HOW IT WORKS?

transmission and reception of radio frequency signals between transmitter and the transponder. The transponder then transmits a response whcih is recieved by the transmitter - used to identify the transponder 

TWO FORMATS:

ACTIVE TRANSPONDERS:  Battery powered, used on vehicles - automatic toll payment becuase they are expensive and shipping containers. Limited lifetime 

PASSIVE TRANSPONDERS:electromagnet signals transmitted by the reader - strength is weak (limited range) used for lables as can be thin 

Main concren: used for wrong reasons - tracked to your home invasion of privacy 

It replaces the need for labourious and time consuming maunal drawing and cut-and-paste techniques. it created possibilities that have led to rapid developments in the printed media, the internet, animation and special effect for TV and Film.

2D DRAFTING

• used to produce detailed engineering drawings of components and layouts of buildings. 
• CAD has lowered the cost of developing a product and greatly shortening the design process and the products time to market. 

ADVANTAGES: 

modified quickly on screen without needing to redraw the whole thing.

a large library of standard components that dont need to be drawn againbut can be modified to suit specific uses 

designs saved electronically easily sent and recieved via email to clients for approval

DISADVANTAGES:

massive learning curves to understand how to use the software but there are lots of courses out there now that poeple can take to learn how to use them and once you know they are quick and easy to use. 

DESKTOP PUBLISHING (DTP) 

combines features of wordprocessing, graphic design, and  printing all in one package 

ADVANTAGES:

set up documents easily including page measurements and number of pages

add layout grids to help you place things - text graphics etc.

manipulate text and graphics easily

zoom in and out for attention to detail 

wide range of type faces to suit different graphic styles

save documents electronically 

3D VIRTUAL MODELLING AND TESTING

design and develops the product much quicker saving developmental costs and time to market.

can be tested and evaluated with out actually being manufactured 

PROCESS: for gaming characters

1. A wire frame is created which you can view from different angles because of the camera angles built into the software 

2. wire frame in rendered so it has an appropriate surface finish/texture. Involed wrapping a 'skin' round to give a photo-realistic finish. 

Architects use it to show walk throughs of interior designs to give clients a real feel of the finished product 

MAKING GRAPHIC PRODUCTS FROM CAM 

LASER CUTTING AND ENGRAVING

Uses a high powered laser to cut intricate designs onto materials. 

the laser is directly controlled by a CAD/CAM system so no need for expensive tools.

the laser melts/burns/vapourises the unwanted part to leave a high quality finsih 

ideal for manufacturing signage

ADVANTAGES: 

laser doesnt have contact with the actual material therefore there is a high quality finsih

reduced change of warping because only a small area is affected by heat 

DISADVANTAGES

expensive machinery 

high energy consumption

VIYNL CUTTING 

suitable for one off or batch production 

commercial sign makers have banks of images and dimensions so they can batch produce 

schools have access to CAD/CAM thats used to cut viynl and it directly replicated the commercial process

PROCESS: 

Image designed on the computer and sent in digital form to viynl cutter

once cutting is complete weeding takes place - removing the background

the adhesive is already on the viynl roll - contact/impact adhesive has already been lightly coated on the back and treated with a backing paper to protect it - makes it easy to peel off

a layer of application tape is added so it can be removed from backing sheet. Viynl has a soft flexible quality so can be stuck to a variety of contours. once is has been applied the application tape can be removed leaving only the graphics in place 

EFFECTS ON THE WORK FORCE:

the modern workforce has to be very skilled trained and flexible where as before they were unskilled and low paid. 

Human involvement contiues to go down because of the use of robots and automated machinery.

CAD 

people numbers have gone down and they have to be able to use computer software quickly and efficiently whereas they would have many poeple working on the project on different components 

CAM 

workforce has down because people operate all the machines instead of just one specific one so they have to work as a team and help people if its required.