GERMAN UNIFICATION

HOW FAR DO YOU AGREE THAT THE ZOLLVEREINE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT REASON FOR THE CHANGE IN BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA IN THE YEARS 1848-66? - Zollvereine was important in strengthening Prussia - Allowed Prusia to become the economically dominate state

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREIN IMPROVE PRUSSIA ECONOMICALLY?

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREIN IMPROVE PRUSSIA'S MOBILISATION?

WHAT DID THE ZOLLVEREIN CONTRIBUTE TO?

HOW DID IT UPSET THE BALANCE OF POWER?

WHY WAS THE ZOLLVEREINE NOT A COMPLETE SUCCESS?

STATES WHO FOUND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE MIGHT BE MORE IN FAVOUR FOR WHAT?

Increased Prussia revenue by 35% - stimualted Prussi's trade - allowed progressive developments in industry - new machinery increased agricultural profits by 10%

Germanys road and railways grew - railways allowed for better mobilisation of troops - contributed to French and Austrian defeats

The Zollverein contributed to later developements of Prussia military and goverment - driven by strong leading figure Bismarck

Upset the balence of power as Prussia was economically supreme

Austria was still politically dominant

yet states who found financial advantage under Prussia economic leadership, might be more inclined to similar political arrangments

HOW FAR DO YOU AGREE THAT THE ZOLLVEREINE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT REASON FOR THE CHANGE IN BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA IN THE YEARS 1848-66? - Left Austria isolated, increased Prussia dominace over German states as well as increasing natioal feeling

AT IT'S PEAK THE ZOLLVEREIN CONSISTED OF HOW MANY STATES AND MEMBERS?

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREIN CREATE UNITY?

WHY DID AUSTRIA NOT JOIN, WHAT WAS THE CONSEQUENCE?

WHO ELSE DID THE ZOLLVEREIN EXCLUDE

WHAT SHOWS AUSTRIA WAS STILL POLITICALLY DOMINANT?

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRUSSIAS MILITARY ALLOWED THEM TO DO WHAT

25 states and 26 million members

Created unity by abolishing all internal custom unions, and provided members with a system of common tarrifs - railways broke down communication barriers between zollverein members - unified system of weights and currency was set up

Austria didn't join - disagreed with policy of free trade - resulted in her isolation

Also excluded the S.states that remained suspicious of Prussia up until the French defeat

In the Austro-Prussia war many German sates in 1866 allied against Prussia

the development of Prussia military helped by the Zollverein allowed Prussia to defeat France and place the S.states under the N. German Confederation

HOW FAR DO YOU AGREE THAT THE ZOLLVEREINE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT REASON FOR THE CHANGE IN BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA IN THE YEARS 1848-66? - Austro-Prussia war proved Prussia's dominace over Germany

HOW DID BISMARCK PROPOSE TO UNIFY GERMANY?

WHAT DID BISMARCK MANAGE TO DO BEFORE THE DECLARATION OF WAR 1866?

AUSTRIAN DEFEAT LED TO THE TREAT OF PRAGUE, WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME OF THE TREATY?

HOW DID THE WAR DECRESE AUSTRIA'S POLITICAL DOMINANCE?

HOW DID IT INCREASE NATIONALISM?

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREINE HELP THE AUSTRIAN DEFEAT?

By a 'blood and iron' policiy

Bismarck had already gained important allies - italy / neutrality of Russia and France

Austria now at mercy of Prussia - Prussia annexed a huge deal of territory - all other N. German states were to be formed under N. german confederation under Prussia's leadership (2/3 of all Germans under Prussian dominated N. German Confederation

Austria were forced to withdraw from German affairs - left field clear for Prussian influence to dominate

increased Nationalism in the south - Political parities set up in the S. to work for unity (Zollverein never managed to unify the South)

Money created by Zolverein helped improve Prussia's military equipment - breech loading needle gun proved decisive (9,000 - 45,000)

HOW FAR DO YOU AGREE THAT THE ZOLLVEREINE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT REASON FOR THE CHANGE IN BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA IN THE YEARS 1848-66? - Austria's weaknessess changed the balence of Power

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE SCHLESWIG AND HOLSTEIN AFFAIR?

WHAT DID BISMARCK SAY ABOUT AUSTRIA AND GERMANY?

HOW DID THE CRIMEAN WAR AFFECT AUSTRIA?

WHY WERE AUSTRIA UNABLE TO GAIN ALLIES?

HOW CAN IT BE ARGUED THAT AUSTRIA WAS FAR FROM WEAK WHEN ENTERING INTO THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIA WAR?

Prussian army also was important reason for the change in balance of power

At first Bismarck saw the affair as w way to annex the two Duchies incresing Prussia's power in N. Germany - Bismarck won the help of Austria - Austria believing they were pursung a traditional policy of co-operating with Prussia - At treaty of Vienna King od Denmark gave up his rights to the two Duchies - at the Convention ot Gastein 1865 it was agreed Holstein (Duchy near Prussia) controlled by Austria, Schleswig administered by Prussia - Bismarck could now pick a quarrel with Austri over Holstein at any time - Due to Bismarks manipulative political skills Austria were forced to take what appeared to be the aggressive step - Prussia was able to appear the victim

'Germany is clearly to small for us both' - Austria stood in the way of Prussian dominance - war was inevitable - resulted in Austria's defeat

Crimean war left Austria economically and finacially vunerable

Austria had bad diplomatic connections with European powere France and Russia

Austria's position far from hopeless - more soldiers, German states supported Austria - Centeral position