German Uification

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE PROCESS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION SHAPED BY WAR?

THE AUSTRO - PRUSSIA WAR WAS SIGNIFICANT IN DETERMINING WHETHER AUSTRIA OR PRUSSIA WOULD CONTROL GERMANY

IN 1866 WHAT MAJOR BATTLE WAS FOUGHT?

WHY DID PRUSSIAS MITIATRY MIGHT AND NEW FIRE POWER PROVE DECISIVE?

THE PRUSSIANS WON THE BATTLE, WHAT DID THAT MEAN?

WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE TREATY OF PRAGUE?

HOW DID THE AUSTRIAN DEFEAT AFFECT NATIONALISM?

In 1866 the major battle of Sadowa was fought.

Prussia's Breech-loading needle gun proved decisive, Austrian had 45,000 casualties, Prussia only 9000.

Austria's defeat meant they were at the mercy of Prussia.

After an armitice signed betwee Prussia and Austria, the Treaty of Prague soon followed, Prussia annexed a huge deal of territory, all other north german states were to be formed into a N. german confederation under Prussian leadership. Treaty of Prague was seen as a milestoe towards unification - Austria now forced to withdraw for German affairs - left the field clear for Prussian influence to dominate - 2/3 of all Germans now part of Prussian dominated N. German confederation.

Increased the growth of Nationalism in the south - political parties in S states set up to work for unity - Catholic states still suspcious of Prussia

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE PROCESS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION SHAPED BY WAR?

SUCCESSFUL WAR AGAINST FRANCE CREATED A TIDAL WAVE OF GERMAN PATRIOTISM, AND WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNIFIYING THE FOUR CATHOLIC SOUTHERN GERMAN STATES

AFTER AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR WHAT DID S.STATES AGREE TO SIGN?

WHAT OPPORTUNITY DID THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR PROVIDE?

THE FRENCH DEFEAT CREATED WHAT?

IN 1870 WHAT WAS SIGNED?

WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF PEACE TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND GERMANY?

FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR GOT RID OF WHAT THREAT?

HOW DID THE FRENCH DEFEAT AFFECT THE S.STATES FEELING TOWARDS UNIFICATION?

The four catholic states remained independant ofter the Austo-Prussia war - did agreee to sign a sectret military alliance, whereby in the event of a war they would fight alongside Prussia and put their armies under the king of Prussia.

The Franco-Prussia war was the opportunity to unite the four Southern states with North Germany.

The French defeat created popualr pressure in the S.states to turn the war time alliance into a permanent union.

in 1870 seperate treaties were signed with each of the states where they agreed to join the German empire.

The peace treaty between Germany and France - The treaty of Frankfurt also resulted in the annexation of Alsace and the eastern half of Lorraine given to Germany

Franco-Prussian war got rid of the threat of French interventio which was the main reason why the unification of all of Germany wasn't pressed and the S.states remained independant.

Sothern states once suspicious of Prussia, was now mass support for a union.

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE PROCESS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION SHAPED BY WAR?

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PRUSSIA ALLOWED IT TO BE SEEN AS THE NATURAL LEADER OF A UNITED GERMANY

HOW DID PRUSSIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH OUTSTRIP AUSTRIA?

AT PEAK HOW MANY STATES AND MEMBERS DID THE ZOLLVEREIN HAVE?

WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE ZOLLVEREIN?

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREIN AFFECT RAILWAYS?

HOW DID THE ZOLLVEREIN AFFECT AUSTRIA?

STATES WERE MORE IN FAVOUR FOR WHAT?

Prussia produced more coal and iron - had more extensive railway network, in the 1860s Prussia had 11,089 km of railway, Austria had 4,543, contributed to the breakdown of local regional barriers.

At it's peak Zollverein consisted of 25 states and 26 million members

Zollverein meant all members had common systems of tarrifs and abolished all internal custom unions

railways were extended to make quick and efficiaent means of communication between zollverein members

Isolated Austria - prussia achieved position of economic leadership, Austrias politicla influence weakened, achieved dominance in Germany

States which found financial advantage in economic union under Prussian leadership, might be more in favour for similar political arrangments.

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE PROCESS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION SHAPED BY WAR?

PROCESS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION WAS SHAPED BY THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM

NATIONAL FEELING WAS FUELLED BY WHAT?

IN 1859 WHAT WAS FORMED?

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT WAS STRONG AMONGST WHICH SOCIAL CLASS?

WHAT EVIDENCE IS THEIR THAT SUGGESTS GERMANS HAD LITTLE INTEREST IN NATIONAL UNITY?

National feeling was fuelled by foreign intervetion that appeared to threaten Germany was a whole - many Germans were discontented that Germany couldn't speak with a strong single voice at time of crisis - in 1840 when it was likely france would invade Germany, nationalist upsurge - nationalistic feeling generated throughout Germany through the threat of an old enemy

1859 the National Association was formed - promoted idea Prussia should lead the surge of german nationalism - only had 25,000 man but included many influentail men who had liks with political parties.

Strong amongst middle classes - due to industrilisation grew in economic and social power - middle class tended to lead public opinion.

slow progress of Frankfurt parliament encouraged loss of support - many put of by the 1848-9 revolutions, Prussian liberals were defeated, police powers increaaed and local goverment powers reduced.