FUNCTIONALISM, CRIME AND DEVIANCE

DURKHEIM - Crime is inevitable.Too much destablising. Because:

- not all socialisation is effective

- diversity in lifestyles and values (subcultures)

POSITIVE FUNCTIONS OF CRIME

-  Boundary Maintenance (join in condemnation)

- Adaption and Change

- POLKSY - *********** channels mens sexual desires away from harming the family.

Criticisms - how much is good? not positive for victims. Marginalisation of females.

Strain between the goals put forward by societies norms and not being able to achieve them legitimately.

Cultural factors - emphasises success

Structural factors - society is unequal

CONFORMIST - Accept and legitimate

INNOVATORS - Accept and illegitimate

RITUALISTS - Give up and legitimate

RETREATISTS - Reject and legitimate

REBELLION- Reject goals and replace them with their own.

CRITICISMS - Takes statistics at face value. Sees crime as a working class phenomenon. Not all working class indidivuals commit crime. Assumes we all have the same values and goals.

COHEN - 'status frustration'.

Strain between goals and means. Alternative status hierarchy. Delinquent behaviour.

CLOWARD AND OHLIN - Unequal access to both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures.

- Criminal subcultures - Apprenticeship. Established hieracrchy of professional adult criminals.

- Conflict subcultures - Disorganisation. Loosely organised.

- Retreatist subcultures - Illegal drug use. Drop outs of both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structure.

Evaluation - ignores crime of the wealthy.