Ellington: Resources/PF:
1. 3 sections of the orchestra: reeds, brass and rhythm (piano, banjo, drums and double bass).
2. Jungle style is used, featuring heavy drums, low sax textures and a growling plunger-muted trumpet.
3. ‘Dark sonorities’ are used and a focus on individuality during solos – a fingerprint of Ellington’s mature style.
4. Techniques show virtuosity: pitch bending (Db in bar 7); slides, growls and wah-wahs (29-52); and a horse whinny (65-76).
5. Piano solo (53-64) is in a ‘stride’ style. It features a florid right-hand melody and a wide range.
6. ‘Sweet’ sax interlude (13-28) has thick vibrato and pronounced glissandi.
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