Eating Behaviour Summary Notes 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyEating disordersA2/A-levelAQA Created by: Betsy_2018Created on: 21-10-17 10:33 Evolutionary Explanation for Food Preferences advantageous adaptation survival interactionist approach fat sweetness meat salt (4 months) neophobia (2-6yrs) taste aversion Steiner: newborn's facial expressions to sweetness and bitterness Seligman: taste aversion is genetically hardwired 1 of 14 Learning Explanation for Food Preferences classical conditioning (flavour-flavour) link to innately liked food operant conditioning (reward, encouragement, punishment) social influences parents are gatekeepers peers are influencers media is a transmitter cultural influences norms availability religion tradition local eating times 2 of 14 Neural Mechanisms in the Control of Eating Behavio hypothalamus homeostasis pancreas dual-centre model lateral hypothalamus LH liver cells neuropeptide Y ventro-medial hypothalamus VMH neurons 3 of 14 Hormonal Mechanisms in the Control of Eating Behav ghrelin detected by arcuate nucleus triggers the LH to release NPY leptin detected by VMH adipose cells 4 of 14 Biological Explanation for Anorexia Nervosa (Genet first degree relatives monozygitic twins dizygotic twins Holland: 56 vs. 5% Holland & Treasure: 65 vs 32% candidate gene association studies Zeeland: Ephx2 gene Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Boraska: no collection of significant genes 5 of 14 Biological Explanation for Anorexia Nervosa (Neura high serotonin in AN patients SSRIs do not help serotonin levels increase with eating low dopamine in AN patients dopamine associated with food-based pleasure homovallic (metabolite) acid (HVA) decreased GABA and noradrenaline are also significant 6 of 14 Psychological Explanations For AN: SLT modelling identification modification of social norms vicarious reinforcement media is a transmitter of cultural ideals Dittmar: Barbie/Emme/Stock photo research 7 of 14 Psychological Explanations for AN: FST FST Minuchin psychosomatic family model emotional family unit enemeshment overprotectiveness rigidity conflict avoidance Bruch autonomy and control mother is intrusive and overbearing loss of control leads to lack of hunger control over food thinner = greater control 8 of 14 Psychological Explanations for AN: Cognitions cognitive distortions disturbed perceptions Murphy: overestimation and misinterpretation of emotions Williamson: inaccurate silhouettes irrational beliefs defy logic Beck: automatic negative thoughts perfectionism record-keeping cognitive inflexibility Treasure & Schmidt problems set-shifting Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model 9 of 14 Biological Explanation for Obesity (Genetics) genetic models predict probability of inhertiance twin studies Maes: 74 vs. 32% adoption studies Stunkard: no correlation between adopted child and adoptive parent polygenic determinism Locke: 97 genes account for 2.7% of BMI variation 10 of 14 Biological Explanation for Obesity (Neural) hypothalamus lateral hypothalamus ventro-medial hypothalamus low leptin high ghrelin low serotonin 5-HIAA serotonin metabolite low dopamine Wang: few dopamine receptors hippocampi, hypothalamus, amygdala 11 of 14 Psychological Explanations for Obesity Herman and Polivy restraint theory cognitive control over categorising food paradoxcial outcome disinhibition disinhibitors the boundary model continuum self-imposed boundaries open to social/cultural influences Hell Effect 12 of 14 Explanations for the Failure of Dieting spiral model Heatherton & Polivy dissatisfaction = low self-esteem failure = self-deficiency harder redo metabolic processes change ghrelin increase/leptin decrease trapped in destructive downward spiral ironic processes Wegner: white bear paradoxical outcome forbidden foods stand out distraction takes great mental activity/capacity restraint theory, disinhibition and boundary model susceptible to cognitive bias/distortions and cues do not regulate eating on biological indicators Hell Effect 13 of 14 Explanations for the Success of Dieting psychological factors model of obesity based on behaviour no denial food is not a reward new thin indentity attention to detail Redden make food less boring jellybean study 14 of 14
AQA A2 Psychology Unit 3 Eating Behaviour: Factors Influencing Attitudes To Food And Eating Behaviour Notes 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
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