Differing views in Socialism

• revolutionary tactics were adopted due to the inequalities caused by industrialism and capitalism in C19th

Fundamental socialism = capitalism must be eradicated to create a socialist state

• destruction of the capitalist society and overthrowing the existing world order
• creation of a socialist state governed by a dictatorship of the proletariat
• total state control over the economy with common ownership

KARL MARX 

ROSA LUXEMBOURG

• developed in the early C20th and was accepted after 1945
• following WW2, the poorest in society demanded more

Revisionist socialism = socialism and capitalism are compatible

• based on the principle of social justice
• rationality
• evolutionary socialism = socialism will gradually be achieved within the system
• a mixed economy, with socialist elements within a capitalist framework
• nationalisation of private industry
• Keynesian economics = government intervention in the economy is necessary
• persuading voters of the inevitable benefits of socialism through social justice

ANTHONY CROSLAND

• response to the crisis faced by social democracyin the 80s and 90s
• path between traditional social democracy and free-market neoliberalism

Debate over whether this is actually socialist

• equality of opportunity not of outcome
• liberalisation of the economy to provide more money for public spending
• privatisation rather than nationalisation
• greater focus on social and political equality not just economic

ANTHONY GIDDENS

• the impact of society on human nature
• how far human nature is corrupted by capitalism
• the strength and power of the state
• the speed and nature of change
• the existence/ role of capitalism in a socialist state

• human nature is sociable and malleable
• a nation state is essential
• change and reforms are needed to the current system
• the state has a duty to overss public welfare
• the state plays a key role in economic developments