Deprivation and Privation

Koluchova (Czech twins) - Privation

Cared for in institution for 1 year before being fostered by aunt for further 6 months
18 months = went to live with father, but he was often away
Over 5 years, stepmother locked them away in a cold,dark closet and regularly beat them
Rescued at age 7 = severely retarded, no speech and terried of adults and the dark, bone disease (rickets) caused by lack of vitamin D, small for their age
Developmental stage of 3 year old
2 years of intensive institutional care including physiotherapy, speech therapy and psychotherapy
Fostered into caring family
Age 11 = speech normal
Age 14 = no social-emotional or intellectual deficits
Age 20 = above average intelligence, working, experiencing successful romantic relationships
National Service in their 20s
Married and had children

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Longitudinal study
Effects of privation on social and intellectual development of adolescents who were unable to form attachments early on in life having spent early years in institution
65 children taken into care before age of 4 months compared with control grop of children raised normally at home
Age 4 = some of institutionalised children had been adopted, some returned to their families and others remained in institution
Assessed on emotional and social competence
Age 16 = most of adopted children had formed close relationships with caregivers and were as attached as the control group --> did far better than restored and institutionalised children

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Even after 10 years, children from divorced parents regarded the event as most stressful in their lives
Hetherington found girls cope better with divorce than boys, most likely because boys tend to be more attached to their fathers and it is usually loss of contact with father that occurs following divorce
In long-term, Wallerstein found that girls suffered more, many fearing rejection and betrayal by men

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Studied children separated from PCG
3 stages of distress: PROTEST eg. crying, DESPAIR eg. shows reduced outward signs of distress but becomes disinterested and doesn't respond to attempts at comforting and DETACHMENT eg. child engages with their surroundings in superficial way and may reject their mother when reunited
Robersons believed that providing child wit substitute caregiver, during parents' absence may help to reduce effects of short-term separation, as child may be able to form an attachment

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